Roussel Erwan G, Sauvadet Anne-Laure, Chaduteau Carine, Fouquet Yves, Charlou Jean-Luc, Prieur Daniel, Cambon Bonavita Marie-Anne
Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 6197, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Ifremer, France.
Environ Microbiol. 2009 Sep;11(9):2446-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01976.x. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
The distribution of the archaeal communities in deep subseafloor sediments [0-36 m below the seafloor (mbsf)] from the New Caledonia and Fairway Basins was investigated using DNA- and RNA-derived 16S rRNA clone libraries, functional genes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A new method, Co-Migration DGGE (CM-DGGE), was developed to access selectively the active archaeal diversity. Prokaryotic cell abundances at the open-ocean sites were on average approximately 3.5 times lower than at a site under terrestrial influence. The sediment surface archaeal community (0-1.5 mbsf) was characterized by active Marine Group 1 (MG-1) Archaea that co-occurred with ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) sequences affiliated to a group of uncultured sedimentary Crenarchaeota. However, the anoxic subsurface methane-poor sediments (below 1.5 mbsf) were dominated by less active archaeal communities, such as the Thermoplasmatales, Marine Benthic Group D and other lineages probably involved in the methane cycle (Methanosarcinales, ANME-2 and DSAG/MBG-B). Moreover, the archaeal diversity of some sediment layers was restricted to only one lineage (Uncultured Euryarchaeota, DHVE6, MBG-B, MG-1 and SAGMEG). Sequences forming two clusters within the Thermococcales order were also present in these cold subseafloor sediments, suggesting that these uncultured putative thermophilic archaeal communities might have originated from a different environment. This study shows a transition between surface and subsurface sediment archaeal communities.
利用基于DNA和RNA的16S rRNA克隆文库、功能基因以及变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术，对新喀里多尼亚盆地和航道盆地深海海底沉积物[海底以下0 - 36米（mbsf）]中古菌群落的分布进行了研究。开发了一种新方法——共迁移DGGE（CM-DGGE），以选择性地获取活跃古菌的多样性。公海站点的原核细胞丰度平均比受陆地影响的站点低约3.5倍。沉积物表层古菌群落（0 - 1.5 mbsf）的特征是活跃的海洋第一类群（MG-1）古菌，它们与隶属于一组未培养沉积泉古菌的氨单加氧酶基因（amoA）序列共存。然而，缺氧的地下贫甲烷沉积物（1.5 mbsf以下）主要由活性较低的古菌群落主导，如嗜热栖热菌目、海洋底栖D组以及其他可能参与甲烷循环的谱系（甲烷八叠球菌目、ANME-2和DSAG/MBG-B）。此外，一些沉积层的古菌多样性仅限于一个谱系（未培养广古菌、DHVE6、MBG-B、MG-1和SAGMEG）。在这些寒冷的深海海底沉积物中也存在属于嗜热栖热菌目内两个簇的序列，这表明这些未培养的假定嗜热古菌群落可能起源于不同的环境。这项研究显示了表层和地下沉积物古菌群落之间的转变。
