Ndoye Roth P A, Wane Khouma A M, Ba E H A, Addaniaoui K, Dieng M, de Medeiros Quenum M E, Ndiaye M R, Ndiaye P A, Wade A
Clinique Ophthalmologique, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.
Dakar Med. 2008;53(3):240-6.
Principal cause of legal blindness in industrialized countries, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) have never been studied in West Africa. We report and analyse the clinical and angiographical characteristics of macular degeneration in our patients older than 50 years.
In this prospective study, we recruited during 13 months all patients presenting ARMD signs from our consultation department. Various clinic and angiography parameters were collected. The follow up varied between 6 and 20 months.
The prevalence of this pathology was of 6.5 per 1000. Sex ratio was 0.36 and mean age 61.6 years (53 to 80 years). No familial history of ARMD was found. Three patients were more exposed to sun because of their profession, 9 had high blood pressure, 6 were hyperopes and 1 was smoking. A drop of visual acuity was noted in all cases but no metamorphopsies. Signs founded were miliar drusen (20 eyes), serous drusen (4 eyes), association of those two kinds (4 eyes) and retinal pigmented epithelium abnormalities (PE) (8 eyes) alone or associated with drusen. These signs were significant of age-related maculopathy (ARM). The fluorescein angiography confirmed the type of lesions and showed no signs of neovascularization. An aggravation of the pigment migration was noted in one case after 20 months.
Age related macular degeneration doesn't seem frequent in our population of patients and shows essentially under its initial form of ARM even though facilitating factors seemed identical, excepted tobacco addiction, sun exposition and systemic hypertension. This study which short terms results we are presenting would need to be continue to give more precisions on those data.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（ARMD）是工业化国家法定失明的主要原因，在西非从未进行过研究。我们报告并分析了50岁以上患者黄斑变性的临床和血管造影特征。
在这项前瞻性研究中，我们在13个月内从我们的咨询部门招募了所有出现ARMD体征的患者。收集了各种临床和血管造影参数。随访时间为6至20个月。
这种疾病的患病率为每1000人中有6.5人。性别比为0.36，平均年龄为61.6岁（53至80岁）。未发现ARMD家族史。3名患者因职业原因更多地暴露于阳光下，9名患有高血压，6名是远视患者，1名吸烟。所有病例均出现视力下降，但无视物变形。发现的体征有微小玻璃膜疣（20只眼）、浆液性玻璃膜疣（4只眼）、这两种类型的组合（4只眼）以及单独或与玻璃膜疣相关的视网膜色素上皮异常（PE）（8只眼）。这些体征提示年龄相关性黄斑病变（ARM）。荧光素血管造影证实了病变类型，未显示新生血管形成的迹象。20个月后，1例患者出现色素迁移加重。
在我们的患者群体中，年龄相关性黄斑变性似乎并不常见，并且主要表现为ARM的初始形式，尽管除了烟草成瘾、阳光暴露和系统性高血压外，促发因素似乎相同。我们正在展示的这项短期研究结果需要继续进行，以更精确地确定这些数据。
