Zugasti Murillo Ana
Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Endocrinol Nutr. 2009 May;56(5):241-50. doi: 10.1016/S1575-0922(09)71407-X. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
Adverse food reactions are common in the general population. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the structure of food allergens and of the mechanisms involved is poor. In 1995 the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology suggested a classification based on the causative pathogenic mechanism. According to this classification, non-toxic reactions can be divided into food allergies when they recognize immunological mechanisms and food intolerance when there are no immunological implications. The treatment of food intolerance is avoidance of the particular food. There are specific treatments for some food intolerance (beta-galactosidases for the management of lactose intolerance).
食物不良反应在普通人群中很常见。然而，我们对食物过敏原的结构和相关机制的了解却很匮乏。1995年，欧洲变态反应和临床免疫学会建议根据致病的病理机制进行分类。根据这种分类，无毒反应在涉及免疫机制时可分为食物过敏，而在不存在免疫影响时则分为食物不耐受。食物不耐受的治疗方法是避免食用特定食物。对于某些食物不耐受有特定的治疗方法（如用β-半乳糖苷酶治疗乳糖不耐受）。
