Département des sciences des aliments et de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
Nutrition. 2010 Jan;26(1):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.017.
To determine the impact of an intervention that combined an increase in dietary and bioavailable iron intakes and an improvement in hygiene behaviors on the iron status of preschool children from Burkina Faso.
Thirty-three orphans and vulnerable children from 11 families who were 1-6 y old, were non-anemic, or had mild to moderate anemia were enrolled in an 18-wk trial. Using the probability approach for planning diets in an assisted-living facility, bioavailable iron intake was increased from 0.4 to 0.9 mg/d by increasing the amounts of meat and citrus fruits and by adding iron-rich condiments to the diet, for an estimated cost of U.S. $0.59/mo. Hygiene behaviors were modified by implementing hand-washing before meals and by the use of individual plates for meals. Iron status indicators were measured twice and means at enrollment and after intervention were compared.
After intervention, hemoglobin concentration increased from 98.7 to 103.8 g/L (P=0.006). There was a decrease in total iron binding capacity (107 to 91 micromol/L, P=0.05) and a marginal increase in transferrin saturation (13% to 17%, P=0.06). Significant improvement was not observed for serum ferritin concentration or prevalence of depleted iron stores, likely due to the confounding effect of infection. Anemia and iron-deficiency anemia were decreased from 64% to 30% and from 61% to 30%, respectively.
Dietary modification associated with adequate hygiene behaviors could be a relevant strategy to control iron deficiency and anemia in areas where infection is a major health problem.
确定一项干预措施对布基纳法索学龄前儿童铁营养状况的影响。该干预措施综合提高膳食和生物可利用铁摄入量以及改善卫生行为。
本试验纳入了 33 名来自 11 个家庭的 1-6 岁孤儿和弱势儿童，这些儿童不贫血或患有轻度至中度贫血。采用为福利院制定饮食计划的概率方法，通过增加肉类和柑橘类水果的摄入量，并在饮食中添加富含铁的调味料，使生物可利用铁摄入量从 0.4 毫克/天增加到 0.9 毫克/天，估计每月成本为 0.59 美元。通过在饭前洗手和使用个人餐盘来改变卫生行为。两次测量铁营养状况指标，并比较干预前后的平均值。
干预后，血红蛋白浓度从 98.7 克/升增加到 103.8 克/升（P=0.006）。总铁结合力（107 微摩尔/升至 91 微摩尔/升，P=0.05）下降，转铁蛋白饱和度（13%至 17%，P=0.06）略有增加。血清铁蛋白浓度或铁缺乏储存的患病率没有显著改善，这可能是由于感染的混杂影响。贫血和缺铁性贫血的发生率分别从 64%降至 30%和从 61%降至 30%。
与适当的卫生行为相关的饮食调整可能是控制感染是主要健康问题地区铁缺乏和贫血的有效策略。
