Glasser Saralee, Lerner-Geva Liat, Levitski Orna, Reichman Brian
Women & Children's Health Research Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Harefuah. 2009 Apr;148(4):238-42, 277, 276.
Parents of infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) suffer extended periods of stress. The staffs of these departments have a major role in assisting them through this period.
To describe services, programs and facilities to support parents of these infants, during and following hospitalization.
Social workers of 23 NICU's completed a structured questionnaire, and the responses were summarized.
The majority of units have paramedical staff in addition to social workers. Twenty-two units offer structured instruction for parents, and 12 offer lecture series. Topics include: coping with the birth of a premature infant, the infant's development and care, breastfeeding, discharge preparation, etc. In 19 departments grandparents are allowed to visit and nine also allow siblings. Most departments have breast-pump facilities and a lounge for parents; some also have refrigerators, personal lockers, etc.. Twenty units employ the "Kangaroo" method of skin-to-skin contact, and three practice elements of "individualized developmental care". Communication with parents is conducted both formally and informally. All departments have guidelines for contact with community health providers - some regularly, and some as-needed.
Despite the multiplicity of programs reported in the survey, many are conducted in only a few departments. It is recommended that national guidelines be developed, which would integrate many existing activities, taking into account the needs of parents and families, medical and paramedical staff, as well as economic constraints. Clear policy guidelines and standards are necessary for this aspect of care, as they are for the medical aspects.
新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中婴儿的父母承受着长期的压力。这些科室的工作人员在帮助他们度过这段时期方面发挥着重要作用。
描述在住院期间及出院后为这些婴儿的父母提供支持的服务、项目和设施。
23个新生儿重症监护病房的社会工作者完成了一份结构化问卷，并对回答进行了总结。
大多数科室除了有社会工作者外，还有辅助医疗人员。22个科室为父母提供结构化指导，12个科室提供系列讲座。主题包括：应对早产儿的出生、婴儿的发育与护理、母乳喂养、出院准备等。19个科室允许祖父母探视，9个科室还允许兄弟姐妹探视。大多数科室有吸奶器设施和家长休息室；一些科室还有冰箱、个人储物柜等。20个科室采用“袋鼠式”肌肤接触法，3个科室实施“个性化发育护理”的部分内容。与父母的沟通既有正式的也有非正式的。所有科室都有与社区卫生服务提供者联系的指导方针——有些是定期的，有些是按需联系。
尽管调查中报告了多种项目，但许多项目仅在少数科室开展。建议制定国家指导方针，综合许多现有活动，同时考虑到父母和家庭、医护人员以及经济限制的需求。护理的这一方面需要明确的政策指导方针和标准，就像医疗方面一样。
