Vendruscolo Leandro F, Izídio Geison S, Takahashi Reinaldo N
Movement-Adaptation-Cognition, CNRS-UMR5227, Team Neuropsychopharmacology of Addiction, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 1 et 2, Bordeaux, France.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2009 May;2(2):177-83. doi: 10.2174/1874473710902020177.
The co-occurrence of drug addiction in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is very common, but its etiology remains largely unknown. Therefore, animal models to study this kind of psychiatric comorbidity are needed. The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) strain shows neurochemical and behavioral characteristics which make it a suitable model of ADHD. Compared with their normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto) and with some other rat strains, SHR rats drink more ethanol and are more sensitive to its anxiolytic/stimulant effects. They also show increased sensitivity to psychostimulants, opioids and cannabinoids. Furthermore, chronic treatment with methylphenidate, the first-choice drug to treat ADHD, during adolescence, changes the ethanol intake and the behavioral effects of cocaine in adult SHR rats. Regarding sex differences, females are more sensitive to psychostimulants and drink more ethanol than males, an important condition because in adulthood, more females suffer from ADHD than males. Taken together, the reviewed findings indicate that the SHR strain is a promising tool for studies on drug addiction and, possibly, its relationship with ADHD.
药物成瘾在患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人中非常常见，但其病因在很大程度上仍不清楚。因此，需要动物模型来研究这种精神共病。自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）品系表现出神经化学和行为特征，使其成为ADHD的合适模型。与正常血压对照大鼠（Wistar-Kyoto）及其他一些大鼠品系相比，SHR大鼠饮用更多乙醇，且对其抗焦虑/兴奋作用更敏感。它们对精神兴奋剂、阿片类药物和大麻素也表现出更高的敏感性。此外，在青春期用治疗ADHD的首选药物哌甲酯进行长期治疗，会改变成年SHR大鼠的乙醇摄入量以及可卡因的行为效应。关于性别差异，雌性比雄性对精神兴奋剂更敏感且饮用更多乙醇，这是一个重要情况，因为在成年期，患有ADHD的女性比男性更多。综上所述，综述结果表明SHR品系是研究药物成瘾及其与ADHD可能关系的一个有前景的工具。
