Atrial septostomy and transplantation for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

The development of specific disease-targeted therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension has offered a major advancement in the management of patients, and these medical treatments have been shown to improve both quality and quantity of life. Nevertheless, many patients deteriorate with time and will require consideration of other approaches. This article focuses on the roles of atrial septostomy and lung transplantation.