Sigdel Tara K, Klassen R Bryan, Sarwal Minnie M
Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Adv Clin Chem. 2009;47:139-69. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2423(09)47006-9.
Publication of the human proteome has prompted efforts to develop high-throughput techniques that can catalogue and quantify proteins and peptides present in different tissue types. The field of proteomics aims to identify, quantify, analyze, and functionally define a large number of proteins in cellular processes in different disease states on a global scale. Peptidomics, a newer name in the -omics world, measures and identifies naturally occurring low molecular weight peptides, also providing an insight into enzymatic processes and molecular events occurring in the system of interest. One area of major interest is the use of proteomics to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for different diseases as well as for various clinical phenotypes in organ transplantation that can advance targeted therapy for various forms of graft injury. Outcomes in organ transplantation can be potentially improved by identifying noninvasive biomarkers that will serve as triggers that predate graft injury, and can offer a means to customize patient treatment by differentiating among causes of acute and chronic graft injury. Proteomic and peptidomic strategies can be harnessed for frequent noninvasive measurements in tissue fluids, allowing for serial monitoring of organ disease. In this review, we describe the basic techniques used in proteomic and peptidomic approaches, point out special considerations in using these methods, and discuss their applications in recently published studies in organ transplantation.
人类蛋白质组的发布促使人们努力开发高通量技术，以对不同组织类型中存在的蛋白质和肽进行编目和定量。蛋白质组学领域旨在在全球范围内识别、定量、分析和功能定义不同疾病状态下细胞过程中的大量蛋白质。肽组学是“组学”领域中的一个新名词，它测量和识别天然存在的低分子量肽，也有助于深入了解所关注系统中发生的酶促过程和分子事件。一个主要的研究领域是利用蛋白质组学来识别不同疾病以及器官移植中各种临床表型的诊断和预后生物标志物，从而推动针对各种形式移植损伤的靶向治疗。通过识别非侵入性生物标志物来改善器官移植的结果，这些生物标志物可作为移植损伤之前的触发因素，并能通过区分急性和慢性移植损伤的原因，为定制患者治疗提供一种方法。蛋白质组学和肽组学策略可用于对组织液进行频繁的非侵入性测量，从而实现对器官疾病的连续监测。在这篇综述中，我们描述了蛋白质组学和肽组学方法中使用的基本技术，指出了使用这些方法时的特殊注意事项，并讨论了它们在最近发表的器官移植研究中的应用。
