Department of Social and Policy Sciences and UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2010 Mar;32(1):71-82. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdp074. Epub 2009 Jul 28.
To analyse evidence on the effectiveness of intensive NHS treatments for smoking cessation in helping smokers to quit.
A systematic review of studies published between 1990 and 2007. Electronic databases were searched for published studies. Unpublished reports were identified from the national research register and experts.
Twenty studies were included. They suggest that intensive NHS treatments for smoking cessation are effective in helping smokers to quit. The national evaluation found 4-week carbon monoxide monitoring validated quit rates of 53%, falling to 15% at 1 year. There is some evidence that group treatment may be more effective than one-to-one treatment, and the impact of 'buddy support' varies based on treatment type. Evidence on the effectiveness of in-patient interventions is currently very limited. Younger smokers, females, pregnant smokers and more deprived smokers appear to have lower short-term quit rates than other groups.
Further research is needed to determine the most effective models of NHS treatment for smoking cessation and the efficacy of those models with subgroups. Factors such as gender, age, socio-economic status and ethnicity appear to influence outcomes, but a current lack of diversity-specific analysis of results makes it impossible to ascertain the differential impact of intervention types on particular subpopulations.
分析 NHS 强化戒烟治疗在帮助吸烟者戒烟方面的有效性证据。
对 1990 年至 2007 年期间发表的研究进行系统评价。电子数据库搜索已发表的研究。从国家研究登记处和专家处确定未发表的报告。
纳入 20 项研究。这些研究表明，NHS 强化戒烟治疗有助于吸烟者戒烟。国家评估发现，4 周一氧化碳监测验证的戒烟率为 53%，1 年后降至 15%。有一些证据表明，小组治疗可能比一对一治疗更有效，而“伙伴支持”的影响取决于治疗类型。目前，关于住院干预有效性的证据非常有限。年轻吸烟者、女性、孕妇和贫困程度较高的吸烟者的短期戒烟率似乎低于其他群体。
需要进一步研究确定 NHS 戒烟治疗的最有效模式，以及这些模式对亚组的疗效。性别、年龄、社会经济地位和种族等因素似乎会影响结果，但目前缺乏针对特定亚人群的结果差异化分析，因此无法确定干预类型对特定亚人群的不同影响。
