Lia Verónica V, Poggio Lidia, Confalonieri Viviana A
Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes y Costanera Norte s/n, 4to. Piso, Pabellón II, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Theor Appl Genet. 2009 Oct;119(6):1053-67. doi: 10.1007/s00122-009-1108-0. Epub 2009 Jul 29.
The highland region or Northwestern Argentina (NWA) is one of the southernmost areas of native maize cultivation and constitutes an expansion of the peruvian Andes sphere of influence. To examine the genetic diversity and racial affiliations of the landraces cultivated in this area, 18 microsatellite markers were used to characterize 147 individuals from 6 maize races representative of traditional materials. For the whole data set, a total of 184 alleles were found, with an average of 10.2 alleles per locus. The average gene diversity was 0.571. The observed patterns of genetic differentiation suggest that historical association is probably the main factor in shaping population structure for the landraces studied here. In agreement with morphological and cytogenetic data, Bayesian analysis of NWA landraces revealed the occurrence of three main gene pools. Assessment of racial affiliations using a combined dataset including previous data on American landraces showed a clear relationship between one of these gene pools and typical Andean races, whereas the remaining two gene pools exhibited a closer association to Caribbean accessions and native germplasm from the United States, respectively. These results highlight the importance of integrating regional genetic studies if a deeper understanding of maize diversification and dispersal is to be achieved.
阿根廷西北部的高地地区（NWA）是本土玉米种植最南端的地区之一，是秘鲁安第斯山脉影响范围的扩展区域。为了研究该地区种植的地方品种的遗传多样性和种族归属，使用18个微卫星标记对来自代表传统材料的6个玉米种族的147个个体进行了特征分析。对于整个数据集，共发现184个等位基因，每个位点平均有10.2个等位基因。平均基因多样性为0.571。观察到的遗传分化模式表明，历史关联可能是塑造此处研究的地方品种群体结构的主要因素。与形态学和细胞遗传学数据一致，对NWA地方品种的贝叶斯分析揭示了三个主要基因库的存在。使用包括先前关于美国地方品种数据的组合数据集进行种族归属评估，结果显示这些基因库之一与典型的安第斯种族之间存在明显关系，而其余两个基因库分别与加勒比地区的种质和来自美国的本土种质表现出更密切的关联。这些结果突出了如果要更深入了解玉米的多样化和传播，整合区域遗传研究的重要性。
