Chalkidou Kalipso
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2009 Jul;59:1-12.
The U.K.'s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established to perform three core functions: 1) reduce unwarranted variation in practice across the United Kingdom through the development and dissemination of best practice evidence-based standards; 2) encourage fast diffusion and uniform uptake of high-value medical innovations; and 3) ensure the taxpayers' money is invested in the National Health Service so that health benefit is maximized. NICE decisions are made by independent committees of health professionals, academics, and industry and lay representatives. More than 2,000 experts engage with NICE processes throughout the year. NICE committees consider comparative clinical and cost effectiveness, social values (including impact on equity), and U.K. and European Union legislation when making their decisions.
英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所（NICE）的设立旨在履行三项核心职能：1）通过制定和传播基于最佳实践证据的标准，减少英国各地医疗实践中不必要的差异；2）鼓励高价值医疗创新的快速传播和统一采用；3）确保纳税人的钱投资于国民医疗服务体系，以使健康效益最大化。NICE的决策由健康专业人士、学者、行业代表和非专业代表组成的独立委员会做出。全年有2000多名专家参与NICE的工作流程。NICE委员会在做决策时会考虑比较临床效果和成本效益、社会价值（包括对公平性的影响）以及英国和欧盟的法规。
