McAuliffe Sean P, Knowlton Barbara J
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2009 Nov;132(3):213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Jul 28.
Four experiments examined the effects of encoding time on object identification priming and recognition memory. After viewing objects in a priming phase, participants identified objects in a rapid stream of non-object distracters; display times were gradually increased until the objects could be identified (Experiments 1-3). Participants also made old/new recognition judgments about previously viewed objects (Experiment 4). Reliable priming for object identification occurred with 150ms of encoding and reached a maximum after about 300ms of encoding time. In contrast, reliable recognition judgments occurred with 75ms of encoding and continued to improve for encoding times of up to 1200ms. These results suggest that recognition memory may be based on multiple levels of object representation, from rapidly activated representations of low-level features to semantic knowledge associated with the object. In contrast, priming in this object identification task may be tied specifically to the activation of representations of object shape.
四项实验研究了编码时间对物体识别启动效应和识别记忆的影响。在启动阶段观看物体后，参与者在快速呈现的非物体干扰物流中识别物体；显示时间逐渐增加，直到物体能够被识别（实验1 - 3）。参与者还对之前观看过的物体进行新旧识别判断（实验4）。物体识别的可靠启动效应在150毫秒的编码时间时出现，并在大约300毫秒的编码时间后达到最大值。相比之下，可靠的识别判断在75毫秒的编码时间时出现，并在长达1200毫秒的编码时间内持续改善。这些结果表明，识别记忆可能基于物体表征的多个层次，从低层次特征的快速激活表征到与物体相关的语义知识。相比之下，在此物体识别任务中的启动效应可能特别与物体形状表征的激活相关。
