Klonowska-Szymczyk Agnieszka, Wolska Anna, Robak Ewa
Katedra i Klinika Hematologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2009 Jul 20;63:331-9.
TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are found in many different vertebrate and invertebrate species. TLRs have important functions in cell activation of the nonspecific immune response as well as in the indirect specific immune response. These receptors recognize a broad range of exogenous and endogenous ligands. The biological importance of TLRs depends on their potential to recognize a great number of different agonists and antagonists, among them antigens of bacterial and viral origin as well as vertebrate and invertebrate autoantigens. The responsiveness of TLRs to endogenous ligands may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. Increasing interest is therefore directed towards understanding the effector mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with TLR activation. This leads to the discovery of new proteins associated with TLR signaling pathways. Furthermore, efforts are underway to modify the activity of TLRs by synthetic ligands. Among the factors used to modify TLR activity are short DNA fragments known as oligo-DNA. Oligo-DNA fragments are being evaluated in clinical trials as potential drugs to treat systemic lupus erythematosus.
Toll样受体（TLRs）存在于许多不同的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种中。TLRs在非特异性免疫反应的细胞激活以及间接特异性免疫反应中具有重要功能。这些受体识别广泛的外源性和内源性配体。TLRs的生物学重要性取决于它们识别大量不同激动剂和拮抗剂的潜力，其中包括细菌和病毒来源的抗原以及脊椎动物和无脊椎动物自身抗原。TLRs对内源性配体的反应性可能导致自身免疫性疾病的发展。因此，人们越来越关注了解与TLR激活相关的效应机制和信号通路。这导致发现了与TLR信号通路相关的新蛋白质。此外，正在努力通过合成配体来改变TLRs的活性。用于改变TLR活性的因素包括称为寡聚DNA的短DNA片段。寡聚DNA片段正在临床试验中作为治疗系统性红斑狼疮的潜在药物进行评估。
