Kozłowska Joanna, Jabłońska Joanna, Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja
Klinika Hepatologii i Nabytych Niedoborów Immunologicznych, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2009 Jul 21;63:351-4.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the innate immune system. They recognize some protein, lipid, and nucleic structures that are common in microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses but not present in the human body. The stimulation of TLRs initiates the activation of an intracellular signaling network which results in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, mainly type I interferons, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8, and TLR9 take part in the recognition of viral infections, four of them by discerning nucleic acids, with TLR3 recognizing dsRNA, TLR7 and TLR8-ssRNA, and TLR9-DNA. The role of TLRs in the development of infections and other inflammatory states, neoplasms, and autoimmune disorders is under investigation. The importance of TLRs in the natural course of hepatitis B and C and in the treatment of these diseases are the subject of particular interest. Attempts to apply TLR7 and TLR9 agonists in the treatment of chronic hepatitis type C are underway. A better understanding of the role of TLRs in the complex immunological phenomena accompanying viral hepatitis might put the therapeutic possibilities in these infections into a new perspective.
Toll样受体（TLRs）是天然免疫系统的一部分。它们识别某些蛋白质、脂质和核酸结构，这些结构在细菌和病毒等微生物中常见，但不存在于人体中。TLRs的刺激引发细胞内信号网络的激活，这导致促炎细胞因子的分泌，主要是I型干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6。TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR8和TLR9参与病毒感染的识别，其中四个通过识别核酸来识别，TLR3识别双链RNA，TLR7和TLR8识别单链RNA，TLR9识别DNA。TLRs在感染和其他炎症状态、肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病发展中的作用正在研究中。TLRs在乙型和丙型肝炎自然病程以及这些疾病治疗中的重要性是特别感兴趣的主题。正在尝试应用TLR7和TLR9激动剂治疗慢性丙型肝炎。更好地理解TLRs在伴随病毒性肝炎的复杂免疫现象中的作用可能会为这些感染的治疗可能性带来新的视角。
