Dieterich Marianne, Müller-Schunk Stefanie, Stephan Thomas, Bense Sandra, Seelos Klaus, Yousry Tarek A
Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 May;1164:282-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03718.x.
Saccades, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) are three basic eye movements in our ocular motor repertoire that enable us to explore the visual field. These eye movements are cortically controlled in different cortical eye fields, including the frontal eye fields (FEF) and parietal eye fields (PEF), as well as the motion-sensitive visual area MT+/V5. It is not known if this cortical control is organized in parallel cortico-cortical networks or in adjacent subregions of one system. Nor do we know where the specific eye fields are exactly located. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate these open questions about the FEF, PEF, and MT+/V5. Activations of the cortical network of eye-movement control were found in the frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex. While the activation pattern for OKN was not a combination of the patterns for saccades and smooth pursuit, the results suggest that cortical control of OKN occurs in a network parallel to that of saccades and smooth pursuit. Furthermore, a division of the FEF and the PEF into two parts was confirmed for the three ocular motor tasks, as well as a division within each of the three paradigms. MT+/V5 showed two partitions only for saccades, but not for smooth pursuit or OKN.
扫视、平稳跟踪和视动性眼震（OKN）是我们眼球运动技能中的三种基本眼动，使我们能够探索视野。这些眼动在不同的皮质眼区受到皮质控制，包括额叶眼区（FEF）和顶叶眼区（PEF），以及对运动敏感的视觉区域MT+/V5。目前尚不清楚这种皮质控制是通过并行的皮质-皮质网络组织起来的，还是在一个系统的相邻子区域中组织起来的。我们也不知道特定的眼区究竟位于何处。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）被用于研究这些关于FEF、PEF和MT+/V5的开放性问题。在额叶、顶叶和枕叶皮质中发现了眼动控制皮质网络的激活。虽然OKN的激活模式不是扫视和平稳跟踪模式的组合，但结果表明OKN的皮质控制发生在与扫视和平稳跟踪并行的网络中。此外，对于三项眼球运动任务，FEF和PEF被确认为分为两部分，并且在三种范式中的每一种范式内也有划分。MT+/V5仅在扫视时显示出两个分区，而在平稳跟踪或OKN时则没有。
