Schröder Rebekka, Faiola Eliana, Fernanda Urquijo Maria, Bey Katharina, Meyhöfer Inga, Steffens Maria, Kasparbauer Anna-Maria, Ruef Anne, Högenauer Hanna, Hurlemann René, Kambeitz Joseph, Philipsen Alexandra, Wagner Michael, Koutsouleris Nikolaos, Ettinger Ulrich
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
Schizophr Bull Open. 2022 Jun 3;3(1):sgac034. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac034. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Schizotypy refers to a set of personality traits that bear resemblance, at subclinical level, to psychosis. Despite evidence of similarity at multiple levels of analysis, direct comparisons of schizotypy and clinical psychotic disorders are rare. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates and task-based functional connectivity (psychophysiological interactions; PPI) of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in patients with recent onset psychosis (ROP; = 34), participants with high levels of negative (HNS; = 46) or positive (HPS; = 41) schizotypal traits, and low-schizotypy control participants (LS; = 61) using machine-learning. Despite strong previous evidence that SPEM is a highly reliable marker of psychosis, patients and controls could not be significantly distinguished based on SPEM performance or blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal during SPEM. Classification was, however, significant for the right frontal eye field (FEF) seed region in the PPI analyses but not for seed regions in other key areas of the SPEM network. Applying the right FEF classifier to the schizotypal samples yielded decision scores between the LS and ROP groups, suggesting similarities and dissimilarities of the HNS and HPS samples with the LS and ROP groups. The very small difference between groups is inconsistent with previous studies that showed significant differences between patients with ROP and controls in both SPEM performance and underlying neural mechanisms with large effect sizes. As the current study had sufficient power to detect such differences, other reasons are discussed.
分裂型特质指的是在亚临床水平上与精神病相似的一组人格特质。尽管在多个分析层面都有相似性的证据，但对分裂型特质与临床精神病性障碍的直接比较却很少见。因此，我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI），通过机器学习来检查近期发病的精神病患者（ROP；n = 34）、具有高水平阴性（HNS；n = 46）或阳性（HPS；n = 41）分裂型特质的参与者以及低分裂型特质对照组参与者（LS；n = 61）的平稳跟踪眼球运动（SPEM）的神经关联和基于任务的功能连接（心理生理交互作用；PPI）。尽管之前有充分证据表明SPEM是精神病的一个高度可靠的标志物，但根据SPEM表现或SPEM期间的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号，无法显著区分患者和对照组。然而，在PPI分析中，右侧额眼区（FEF）种子区域的分类是显著的，但在SPEM网络其他关键区域的种子区域则不然。将右侧FEF分类器应用于分裂型特质样本，得出了LS组和ROP组之间的决策分数，表明HNS组和HPS组样本与LS组和ROP组的异同。组间的极小差异与之前的研究不一致，之前的研究表明ROP患者和对照组在SPEM表现和潜在神经机制方面存在显著差异，且效应量很大。由于本研究有足够的能力检测到此类差异，因此讨论了其他原因。
