Vector Ecology Laboratory, Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, New York 10504, USA.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2009 Aug;9(4):381-7. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0197.
The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease-endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2 km(2) treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in Lewisboro, NY, 4.8 km distant, served as control. Treatment periods ran from 15 September to 15 December each fall from 1997 to 2001, and from 15 March to 15 May each spring from 1998 to 2002. Corn consumption averaged 15,779 kg in fall sessions and 9054 kg in spring sessions, and a mean of 89.6% of deer in the study area showed evidence of using the feeders. Deer densities, estimated by aerial snow counts, averaged 22 and 28 deer per km(2) in Bedford and Lewisboro, respectively, over a 3-year period. Significant reductions in tick numbers on deer captured in the treatment area were noted in fall 1999 compared to deer captured at the control site. Drag sampling for nymphal host-seeking ticks indicated 63.6% control in 2001, which dropped to 54.8% the following year, but reached 80% in 2003. Higher-than-normal acorn production in 2001 that likely caused a drop in deer visitation to the feeders may have reduced efficacy against larval ticks in 2002. The 4-Poster effectively reduced the density of Ixodes scapularis, though the level of control is dependent on environmental factors that affect feeding behavior of white-tailed deer.
在纽约州南部一个莱姆病流行地区，评估了一种杀蜱剂局部治疗白尾鹿的效果。在纽约州贝德福德的一个 5.2 平方公里的治疗区放置了 24 个 4 柱饲料器，而距离 4.8 公里的纽约州刘易斯伯勒的一个地点则作为对照。治疗期从 1997 年至 2001 年的每年 9 月 15 日至 12 月 15 日，以及从 1998 年至 2002 年的每年 3 月 15 日至 5 月 15 日进行。秋季会议中玉米的平均消耗量为 15779 千克，春季会议中为 9054 千克，研究区域中平均有 89.6%的鹿使用了饲料器。通过航空雪量估算的鹿密度，在贝德福德和刘易斯伯勒的平均分别为每平方公里 22 只和 28 只，为期 3 年。与对照点捕获的鹿相比，1999 年秋季在治疗区捕获的鹿的蜱数量显著减少。对幼蜱宿主寻找的拖曳采样表明，2001 年控制率为 63.6%，次年降至 54.8%，但次年又上升至 80%。2001 年橡果产量高于正常水平，可能导致鹿对饲料器的访问量下降，这可能降低了 2002 年对白尾鹿幼虫的防治效果。4 柱饲料器有效地降低了肩突硬蜱的密度，但控制水平取决于影响白尾鹿进食行为的环境因素。
