Burnstock Geoffrey
Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009(194):333-92. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79090-7_10.
P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors are described on sensory neurons and their peripheral and central terminals in dorsal root, nodose, trigeminal, petrosal, retinal and enteric ganglia. Peripheral terminals are activated by ATP released from local cells by mechanical deformation, hypoxia or various local agents in the carotid body, lung, gut, bladder, inner ear, eye, nasal organ, taste buds, skin, muscle and joints mediating reflex responses and nociception. Purinergic receptors on fibres in the dorsal spinal cord and brain stem are involved in reflex control of visceral and cardiovascular activity, as well as relaying nociceptive impulses to pain centres. Purinergic mechanisms are enhanced in inflammatory conditions and may be involved in migraine, pain, diseases of the special senses, bladder and gut, and the possibility that they are also implicated in arthritis, respiratory disorders and some central nervous system disorders is discussed. Finally, the development and evolution of purinergic sensory mechanisms are considered.
P2X和P2Y核苷酸受体存在于感觉神经元及其在背根神经节、结状神经节、三叉神经节、岩神经节、视网膜神经节和肠神经节中的外周和中枢终末上。外周终末可被局部细胞通过机械变形、缺氧或颈动脉体、肺、肠道、膀胱、内耳、眼睛、鼻器官、味蕾、皮肤、肌肉和关节中的各种局部介质释放的ATP激活，从而介导反射反应和痛觉。脊髓背侧和脑干纤维上的嘌呤能受体参与内脏和心血管活动的反射控制，以及将伤害性冲动传递至疼痛中枢。嘌呤能机制在炎症状态下会增强，可能参与偏头痛、疼痛、特殊感觉器官疾病、膀胱和肠道疾病，并且还讨论了它们也可能与关节炎、呼吸系统疾病和一些中枢神经系统疾病有关的可能性。最后，对嘌呤能感觉机制的发育和进化进行了探讨。
