Pangburn Todd O, Petersen Matthew A, Waybrant Brett, Adil Maroof M, Kokkoli Efrosini
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Biomech Eng. 2009 Jul;131(7):074005. doi: 10.1115/1.3160763.
Targeted delivery of therapeutics is an area of vigorous research, and peptide- and aptamer-functionalized nanovectors are a promising class of targeted delivery vehicles. Both peptide- and aptamer-targeting ligands can be readily designed to bind a target selectively with high affinity, and more importantly are molecules accessible by chemical synthesis and relatively compact compared with antibodies and full proteins. The multitude of peptide ligands that have been used for targeted delivery are covered in this review, with discussion of binding selectivity and targeting performance for these peptide sequences where possible. Aptamers are RNA or DNA strands evolutionarily engineered to specifically bind a chosen target. Although use of aptamers in targeted delivery is a relatively new avenue of research, the current state of the field is covered and promises of future advances in this area are highlighted. Liposomes, the classic drug delivery vector, and polymeric nanovectors functionalized with peptide or aptamer binding ligands will be discussed in this review, with the exclusion of other drug delivery vehicles. Targeted delivery of therapeutics, from DNA to classic small molecule drugs to protein therapeutics, by these targeted nanovectors is reviewed with coverage of both in vitro and in vivo deliveries. This is an exciting and dynamic area of research and this review seeks to discuss its broad scope.
治疗药物的靶向递送是一个活跃的研究领域，肽和适配体功能化的纳米载体是一类很有前景的靶向递送载体。肽和适配体靶向配体都可以很容易地设计成以高亲和力选择性结合靶标，更重要的是，与抗体和完整蛋白质相比，它们是可通过化学合成获得的分子且相对紧凑。本文综述了用于靶向递送的多种肽配体，并尽可能讨论了这些肽序列的结合选择性和靶向性能。适配体是经过进化工程改造以特异性结合选定靶标的RNA或DNA链。尽管在靶向递送中使用适配体是一个相对较新的研究途径，但本文涵盖了该领域的当前状况，并强调了该领域未来进展的前景。脂质体作为经典的药物递送载体，以及用肽或适配体结合配体功能化的聚合物纳米载体将在本文中进行讨论，其他药物递送载体除外。本文综述了这些靶向纳米载体对从DNA到经典小分子药物再到蛋白质治疗药物的治疗药物的靶向递送，涵盖了体外和体内递送。这是一个令人兴奋且充满活力的研究领域，本文旨在讨论其广泛的范围。
