University of New South Wales Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Dec;28(12):2537-45. doi: 10.1897/08-531.1.
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was assessed for the removal of estrogens, androgens, and a selection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The biomass and aqueous components of the MBR were investigated to determine whether removal was by biodegradation or by adsorption to the biomass. Removal was monitored using chemical analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as well as biological analysis using estrogenic and androgenic yeast assays. Results showed that the MBR was effective in removing the compounds of concern from raw influent with removal rates between 78 and 99%. Removal efficiencies were comparable or better than those reported for conventional activated sludge systems, which was attributed to the relatively high sludge retention time of the MBR. The biomass component showed significant concentrations of salicylic acid, triclosan, and 4-tert-octylphenol. Estrogenic and androgenic activity was also measured in the biomass. Estrone was identified as the main compound responsible for the estrogenic activity. It was concluded that the main removal pathway was biodegradation, but sorption to biomass may also be important, particularly for triclosan and 4-tert-octylphenol.
膜生物反应器（MBR）被评估用于去除雌激素、雄激素和一些药物及个人护理产品。研究了 MBR 的生物量和水相成分，以确定去除是通过生物降解还是通过生物量吸附实现的。使用气相色谱/质谱联用（GC-MS）进行化学分析以及使用雌激素和雄激素酵母测定进行生物分析来监测去除效果。结果表明，MBR 能够有效地从原水中去除目标化合物，去除率在 78%至 99%之间。去除效率与传统活性污泥系统相当或更好，这归因于 MBR 相对较高的污泥停留时间。生物量成分中含有大量水杨酸、三氯生和 4-叔辛基苯酚。在生物量中还测量到了雌激素和雄激素活性。雌酮被确定为产生雌激素活性的主要化合物。研究得出结论，主要的去除途径是生物降解，但生物量吸附也可能很重要，特别是对于三氯生和 4-叔辛基苯酚。
