Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2010 Aug 1;94(4):465-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00930.x. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
To test the effects of different protein sources and levels on performance, carcass characteristics and beef chemical composition, concentrates with three protein sources [Lupine seed (L), Rapeseed meal (R) and Soybean meal (S)] and two protein levels ['normal protein' (NP) or 'high protein' (HP)] were fed to 36 Simmental calves. Calves initially weighed 276 +/- 3.9 kg and averaged 6 months of age and were randomly allocated to the six treatments. Maize silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with increasing amounts of concentrates (wheat, maize grain, protein sources, vitamin-mineral mix). Normal protein and HP diets were formulated to contain 12.4% and 14.0% crude protein (CP) dry matter (DM) respectively. At the end of the fattening period of 278 days, the final live weight averaged 683 +/- 14.7 kg. Neither level of protein nor its interaction with protein sources had any effects on most of the traits studied. Feeding the R diet significantly increased final weight, average daily gain (ADG), DM intake and CP intake in relation to the L diet; no differences were observed between the L and S diets for these measures. No differences were observed between the R and S groups in final weight or ADG, but the calves fed the R diet consumed more DM and CP than the calves fed the S diet. Bulls fed R diet had higher carcass weight and dressing percentage than the L groups, and no significant differences were detected between the S and L groups. Chemical composition of the Musculus longissimus dorsi was not significantly affected by source of protein. Also, the major saturated fatty acid (SFA) (C16:0 and C18:0) did not significantly differ among the three treatments. Samples from R group had significantly higher proportions of C16:1 t9, C18:1 c11, C18:2 c9 t11, C18:3 c9, 12, 15 and SigmaC18:1 t fatty acids in relation to L and S groups. Although polyunsaturated fatty acid/SFA ratio was similar for the three dietary groups, n-6/n-3 ratio and Sigman-3 fatty acids content were significantly greater for bulls fed R diet in relation to those fed L and S diets.
为了测试不同蛋白质来源和水平对性能、胴体特征和牛肉化学成分的影响，36 头西门塔尔犊牛分别用三种蛋白质来源（羽扇豆种子（L）、油菜籽粕（R）和豆粕（S））和两种蛋白质水平（“正常蛋白”（NP）或“高蛋白”（HP））的浓缩饲料进行喂养。犊牛最初体重为 276 ± 3.9 公斤，平均 6 月龄，随机分配到 6 种处理中。自由采食青贮玉米，并补充越来越多的浓缩饲料（小麦、玉米粒、蛋白质来源、维生素-矿物质混合物）。正常蛋白和 HP 日粮分别设计为含有 12.4%和 14.0%粗蛋白（CP）干物质（DM）。在 278 天的育肥期结束时，最终活体重平均为 683 ± 14.7 公斤。蛋白质水平及其与蛋白质来源的相互作用对大多数研究性状均无影响。与羽扇豆种子日粮相比，油菜籽粕日粮显著增加了最终体重、平均日增重（ADG）、DM 摄入量和 CP 摄入量；但羽扇豆种子和豆粕日粮之间的这些指标没有差异。在最终体重或 ADG 方面，油菜籽粕组和豆粕组之间没有差异，但油菜籽粕组的犊牛比豆粕组的犊牛消耗更多的 DM 和 CP。饲喂油菜籽粕日粮的公牛的胴体重和屠宰率高于羽扇豆种子组，而豆粕组和羽扇豆种子组之间没有差异。背最长肌的化学成分不受蛋白质来源的显著影响。此外，三种处理之间的主要饱和脂肪酸（SFA）（C16:0 和 C18:0）也没有显著差异。与羽扇豆种子和豆粕组相比，油菜籽粕组的 C16:1 t9、C18:1 c11、C18:2 c9 t11、C18:3 c9,12,15 和 SigmaC18:1 t 脂肪酸的比例显著更高。尽管三种日粮组的多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比值相似，但与饲喂豆粕和羽扇豆种子日粮的公牛相比，饲喂油菜籽粕日粮的公牛的 n-6/n-3 比值和 Sigma n-3 脂肪酸含量显著更高。
