Barsanti Mary C, Woeltje Keith F
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine,Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8051, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009 Sep;23(3):703-25. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.012.
Hospital-acquired infections have profound social, economic, and personal costs to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous risk factors, such as poor nutrition and hyperglycemia, directly involve patients. Meanwhile, hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and appropriate hospital staffing can impact ICU infection rates. A multidirectional approach-including continuing staff education, minimizing risk factors, and implementing guidelines established by national committees-is necessary to decrease infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and Clostridium difficile. Infection-control committees can assist in implementing policies. This is an active area of research and we anticipate continued advancements to improve patient care.
医院获得性感染对重症监护病房（ICU）的患者造成了巨大的社会、经济和个人代价。许多风险因素，如营养不良和高血糖，直接影响患者。同时，手部卫生、环境清洁和适当的医院人员配备会影响ICU的感染率。采取多方面的方法，包括持续的员工教育、将风险因素降至最低以及实施国家委员会制定的指南，对于减少诸如导管相关血流感染、尿路感染、呼吸机相关性肺炎和艰难梭菌感染等感染是必要的。感染控制委员会可以协助实施政策。这是一个活跃的研究领域，我们预计会不断取得进展以改善患者护理。
