[特兰西瓦尼亚地区罗马尼亚、匈牙利和撒克逊族中学生饮食失调症患病率]

Kovács Krizbai Tímea, Szabó Pál

Department of Psychology, University of Debrecen, Hungary.

Psychiatr Hung. 2009;24(2):124-32.

INTRODUCTION

The majority of epidemiological studies in the field of eating disorders were carried out in the U.S. and in Western Europe. In the last 10 or 15 years, several epidemiological studies were published in Central and Eastern European countries, and eating disorders seem to be widespread in this region. The present paper is an epidemiological study of eating disorders in Romania, and analyses the prevalence of eating disorders among secondary school students in Transylvania.

METHODS

In addition to questions about demographic and anthropometric data, the questionnaire contained the General Health Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test, the Eating Behavior Severity Scale, and the Bulimia Cognitive Distortions Scale. A total of 1621 secondary school students were surveyed in Romania out of which 650 Hungarians (285 males, 365 males), 669 Romanians (263 males, 406 females) and 302 Saxons (112 males, 190 females).

RESULTS

The prevalence of eating disorders was calculated on the basis of simulated DSM-IV diagnoses. The prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were 0.3% and 0.8% in females. The prevalence of AN was 0.5% in the Hungarian and 0.2% in the Romanian female sample. No clinical cases of AN were found in the Saxon female sample. The prevalence of BN was 0.5% in the Hungarian, 1.2% in the Romanian and 0.5% in the Saxon female sample. For subclinical AN the rate of Hungarian female sample was 1.1 %, the Romanian 3.0%, and the Saxon 0.5%. The prevalence of subclinical BN in the Hungarian female sample was 0.5%, for the Romanian female sample 2.2% and for the Saxon female sample was 1.1%.

CONCLUSIONS

The results also stress the importance of eating disorders in Romania. The differences between the ethnic groups points out the importance of the cultural factors in the development of eating disorders.

引言

饮食失调领域的大多数流行病学研究是在美国和西欧开展的。在过去10到15年里，中东欧国家发表了几项流行病学研究，饮食失调在该地区似乎很普遍。本文是一项关于罗马尼亚饮食失调的流行病学研究，分析了特兰西瓦尼亚中学生饮食失调的患病率。

方法

除了有关人口统计学和人体测量数据的问题外，问卷还包括一般健康问卷、饮食态度测试、饮食行为严重程度量表和神经性贪食认知扭曲量表。罗马尼亚共对1621名中学生进行了调查，其中匈牙利人650名（男性285名，女性365名），罗马尼亚人669名（男性263名，女性406名），撒克逊人302名（男性112名，女性190名）。

结果

饮食失调的患病率是根据模拟的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）诊断计算得出的。神经性厌食症（AN）和神经性贪食症（BN）在女性中的患病率分别为0.3%和0.8%。匈牙利女性样本中AN的患病率为0.5%，罗马尼亚女性样本中为0.2%。撒克逊女性样本中未发现AN的临床病例。BN在匈牙利女性样本中的患病率为0.5%，在罗马尼亚为1.2%，在撒克逊女性样本中为0.5%。对于亚临床AN，匈牙利女性样本的比例为1.1%，罗马尼亚为3.0%，撒克逊为0.5%。匈牙利女性样本中亚临床BN的患病率为0.5%，罗马尼亚女性样本为2.2%，撒克逊女性样本为1.1%。