Fernstrom M H
Weight Management Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2593, USA.
Postgrad Med. 2001 Jun;109(6 Suppl):10-8. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2001.06.suppl14.74.
The health risks of obesity include the development of comorbid conditions and increased overall mortality. Obesity increases health-related costs for both patients and the healthcare system and significantly affects workforce productivity through increased absenteeism and higher health and insurance payments for employers. Discrimination against obese individuals exists in the workplace and in various social contexts. Obesity is a chronic condition with complex, multiple causes involving physiologic, genetic, and behavioral components, all of which must be addressed for successful treatment. Traditional treatment options include diet, exercise, and behavior modification, but recently, pharmacotherapy has been incorporated as an effective and safe adjunct for long-term treatment of obesity. Additionally, bariatric surgery is an option for selected morbidly obese individuals. Weight losses of only 5% to 10% of initial body weight confer proven clinical benefits. Such modest weight losses can be achieved and maintained within a supportive environment provided in a primary care practice.
肥胖的健康风险包括出现合并症以及总体死亡率增加。肥胖增加了患者和医疗保健系统的健康相关成本，并通过增加旷工率以及雇主更高的健康和保险支出，显著影响劳动力生产率。在工作场所和各种社会环境中存在对肥胖个体的歧视。肥胖是一种慢性病，其病因复杂多样，涉及生理、遗传和行为因素，所有这些因素都必须加以解决才能成功治疗。传统的治疗选择包括饮食、运动和行为改变，但最近，药物治疗已被纳入作为肥胖长期治疗的有效且安全的辅助手段。此外，减肥手术是某些病态肥胖个体的一种选择。仅初始体重减轻5%至10%就已证明具有临床益处。在初级保健实践提供的支持性环境中，可以实现并维持这种适度的体重减轻。
