Marlow Frank, Sharifi Parvin, Brinkmann Rainer, Mendive Cecilia
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009;48(34):6212-33. doi: 10.1002/anie.200900210.
The beauty of opals results from a densely packed, highly ordered arrangement of silica spheres with a diameter of several hundred nanometers. Such ordered nanostructures are typical examples of materials called photonic crystals, which can be formed by known microstructuring methods and by self-assembly. Opals represent a self-assembly approach to these structured media; such an approach can lead to novel materials for photonics, photocatalysis, and other areas. Although self-assembly leads to many types of defects, resulting in the surprising and very individual appearance of natural opals, it causes also difficulties in technological applications of opal systems.
蛋白石的美丽源于直径为几百纳米的二氧化硅球体紧密堆积、高度有序的排列。这种有序的纳米结构是所谓光子晶体材料的典型例子，光子晶体可以通过已知的微结构化方法和自组装形成。蛋白石代表了一种制备这些结构化介质的自组装方法；这种方法可以产生用于光子学、光催化及其他领域的新型材料。尽管自组装会导致多种类型的缺陷，从而形成天然蛋白石令人惊奇且非常独特的外观，但这也给蛋白石系统的技术应用带来了困难。
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