Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2011 Dec;13(4):319-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00209.x. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
A few studies have investigated the influence of drilling on bone healing. Many factors have been reported to influence temperature rise during surgical preparation for implant placement: drill geometry, drilling depth, sharpness of the cutting tool, drilling speed, pressure applied to the drill, use of graduated versus one-step drilling, intermittent versus continuous drilling, and use or not of irrigation.
The objective of this study was to quantify the temperature changes in cortical bone and at the apical portion of the drills during implant site preparation with a cylindrical implant drill versus a conical implant drill.
Two implant drill systems were evaluated in vitro using bovine femoral cortical bone. The two implant drill systems evaluated in this study were system A (a cylindrical drill with triple twist drills) (Bone System, Milano, Italy) and system B (a conical drill with quadruple twist drills) (Bone System). Site preparation began, and the temperature of the cortical bone and at the apical portion of the drill was measured by the infrared thermography.
The mean temperature produced in the cortical bone during implant preparation was 31.2 ± 0.5°C for the cylindrical drills and 29.1 ± 0.6°C for the conical drill. The mean temperature produced in the apical portion of the drill during implant site preparation was 32.1 ± 0.7°C for the cylindrical drill system and 29.6 ± 0.6°C for the conical drill. Statistically significant differences were found in the temperature measurements in the cortical bone in the two groups (p < .05). A statistically significant difference was observed for the temperature measurements in the apical portion of the drill in the two groups (p < .005).
The model system used in this work was able to evaluate the temperature in the cortical bone and in the apical portion of the drills; the temperature modifications in the apical portion of the drill seemed to be correlated to the drill geometry. The results of the present study showed that drill geometry seems to be an important factor in heat generation during implant site preparation.
The drill geometry could explain the increased temperature in the apical portion of the drill.
已有一些研究调查了钻取操作对骨愈合的影响。许多因素已被报道会影响种植体植入术前准备过程中的升温，这些因素包括：钻头几何形状、钻孔深度、刀具锋利度、钻孔速度、施加在钻头的压力、分级钻与一步法钻的使用、间歇钻与连续钻的使用、以及是否使用冲洗。
本研究的目的是定量评估使用圆柱形种植体钻头与圆锥形种植体钻头进行种植体植入部位预备时，皮质骨和钻头尖端温度的变化。
使用牛股骨皮质骨对两种种植体钻头系统进行了体外评估。本研究评估的两种种植体钻头系统为 A 系统（带有三丝钻头的圆柱形钻头）（Bone System，米兰，意大利）和 B 系统（带有四丝钻头的圆锥形钻头）（Bone System）。钻头开始预备时，通过红外热成像测量皮质骨和钻头尖端的温度。
在圆柱形钻头预备种植体期间，皮质骨产生的平均温度为 31.2 ± 0.5°C，而圆锥形钻头为 29.1 ± 0.6°C。在圆柱形钻头系统预备种植体部位时，钻头尖端产生的平均温度为 32.1 ± 0.7°C，而在圆锥形钻头为 29.6 ± 0.6°C。两组皮质骨的温度测量值存在显著差异（p <.05）。两组钻头尖端的温度测量值也存在显著差异（p <.005）。
本工作中使用的模型系统能够评估皮质骨和钻头尖端的温度；钻头尖端的温度变化似乎与钻头几何形状相关。本研究的结果表明，钻头几何形状似乎是种植体植入部位预备过程中产生热量的一个重要因素。
钻头几何形状可以解释钻头尖端温度升高的原因。
