O'Connor Aisling E, Gallagher William M, Byrne Annette T
UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
Photochem Photobiol. 2009 Sep-Oct;85(5):1053-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00585.x. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now a well-recognized modality for the treatment of cancer. While PDT has developed progressively over the last century, great advances have been observed in the field in recent years. The concept of dual selectivity of PDT agents is now widely accepted due to the relative specificity and selectivity of PDT along with the absence of harmful side effects often encountered with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Traditionally, porphyrin-based photosensitizers have dominated the PDT field but these first generation photosensitizers have several disadvantages, with poor light absorption and cutaneous photosensitivity being the predominant side effects. As a result, the requirement for new photosensitizers, including second generation porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives as well as third generation photosensitizers has arisen, with the aim of alleviating the problems encountered with first generation porphyrins and improving the efficacy of PDT. The investigation of nonporphyrin photosensitizers for the development of novel PDT agents has been considerably less extensive than porphyrin-based compounds; however, structural modification of nonporphyrin photosensitizers has allowed for manipulation of the photochemotherapeutic properties. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into PDT photosensitizers clinically approved for application in oncology, as well as those which show significant potential in ongoing preclinical studies.
光动力疗法（PDT）如今是一种公认的癌症治疗方式。虽然PDT在过去一个世纪中逐步发展，但近年来该领域取得了巨大进展。由于PDT具有相对特异性和选择性，且不存在化疗或放疗常见的有害副作用，PDT药物的双重选择性概念现已被广泛接受。传统上，基于卟啉的光敏剂在PDT领域占据主导地位，但这些第一代光敏剂存在几个缺点，主要副作用是光吸收差和皮肤光敏性。因此，人们对新型光敏剂的需求应运而生，包括第二代卟啉和卟啉衍生物以及第三代光敏剂，目的是缓解第一代卟啉所遇到的问题并提高PDT的疗效。与基于卟啉的化合物相比，用于开发新型PDT药物的非卟啉光敏剂的研究范围要小得多；然而，非卟啉光敏剂的结构修饰能够调控光化学治疗特性。本综述旨在深入了解已获临床批准用于肿瘤学的PDT光敏剂，以及那些在正在进行的临床前研究中显示出巨大潜力的光敏剂。
