Koopmans Guido, Hasse Birgit, Sinis Nektarios
SCT Spinal Cord Therapeutics GmbH, 40699 Erkrath, Germany.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;87:363-79. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)87019-0.
Collagens are extracellular proteins characterized by a triple helical structure and predominantly involved in the formation of fibrillar and microfibrillar networks of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes. There are 29 collagen types which differ in size, structure, and function. In the peripheral nervous system, two classes of collagen molecules are expressed: fibril forming collagens (type-I, III, and V) and basement membrane collagens (type-IV). Collagens are required for normal extracellular matrix assembly and play an important role in the regulation of Schwann cell function. After injury collagen production in the severed nerve often exceeds the ideal response which is suggested to hinder the growth of sprouting axons into the appropriate distal fascicles and therefore delays and limits nerve regeneration. Both surgical techniques and pharmacological agents are developed to reduce injury induced scarring but despite this nerve regeneration is frequently incomplete. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader a clear overview of the current knowledge with respect to collagens in the peripheral nervous system and to emphasize its role after nerve injury.
胶原蛋白是细胞外蛋白，其特征在于三螺旋结构，主要参与细胞外基质和基底膜的纤维状和微纤维状网络的形成。有29种不同类型的胶原蛋白，它们在大小、结构和功能上存在差异。在周围神经系统中，表达两类胶原蛋白分子：形成纤维的胶原蛋白（I型、III型和V型）和基底膜胶原蛋白（IV型）。胶原蛋白是正常细胞外基质组装所必需的，并且在雪旺细胞功能的调节中起重要作用。神经损伤后，切断神经中的胶原蛋白产生通常超过理想反应，这被认为会阻碍发芽轴突向适当的远端束生长，因此延迟并限制神经再生。人们开发了手术技术和药物来减少损伤引起的瘢痕形成，但尽管如此，神经再生常常不完全。本综述的目的是为读者提供关于周围神经系统中胶原蛋白的当前知识的清晰概述，并强调其在神经损伤后的作用。
