Burnier M, Waeber B, Nussberger J, Brunner H R
Hypertension Division, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Drugs. 1990;39 Suppl 1:32-8. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199000391-00006.
Currently 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs - diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors - are most commonly used to treat hypertensive patients. Each class of drug has a distinctive cardiovascular pharmacodynamic profile and even within classes there exist agents with slightly different properties. The effects of the various drug classes on the heart and peripheral circulation, on the kidney and electrolyte metabolism, on the brain and on the renin-angiotensin system are now reasonably well described. Knowledge and understanding of these different cardiovascular effects are extremely important in order to adapt treatment to the needs of an individual patient. Furthermore, when combination therapy becomes necessary, the different cardiovascular aspects of the various drugs can be used to enhance antihypertensive efficacy and to attenuate adverse effects of separate compounds.
目前，四类抗高血压药物——利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂和血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂——是治疗高血压患者最常用的药物。每类药物都有独特的心血管药效学特征，即使在同一类药物中，也存在性质略有不同的药物。现在，各类药物对心脏和外周循环、对肾脏和电解质代谢、对大脑以及对肾素-血管紧张素系统的作用已得到较为充分的描述。了解和认识这些不同的心血管效应对于根据个体患者的需求调整治疗方案极为重要。此外，当需要联合治疗时，各类药物不同的心血管作用可用于增强降压疗效并减轻单一化合物的不良反应。
