Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Dec 30;172(2-3):833-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.073. Epub 2009 Jul 25.
In this study, nine metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) found in urban wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) in Bursa (Turkey) were monitored for 23 months in 2002 and 2007. Metal influent and effluent concentrations of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) and the activated sludge process (ASP) measured via 24-h composite samples were used to determine removal efficiencies. Average influent concentrations ranged between 2 microg/L (Cd) and 1975 microg/L (Fe). In the stabilization ponds, the removal efficiency was 58% for Cr, while for Cd, Mn, and Pb, it was less than 20%. The activated sludge process yielded high removal efficiencies, ranging from 47% for Ni to 95% for Cr. The use of treated wastewaters for agricultural purposes was investigated, and it was determined that all metal concentrations met application limits, with the exception of Cr in wastewater stabilization pond effluent. Results showed that wastewater stabilization pond effluent reduced the receiving water quality with respect to Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb. In addition, it was shown that effluent from the activated sludge process temporarily improved the receiving water quality with regard to the Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn parameters. However, considering the periodic variations of the metals in both processes, water quality, and agricultural practices, it was determined that they should be monitored continuously.
在这项研究中，2002 年至 2007 年期间，监测了土耳其布尔萨市（Bursa）的城市废水处理厂（WTP）中存在的九种金属（Al、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn），共 23 个月。通过 24 小时综合样本测量了废水稳定塘（WSP）和活性污泥工艺（ASP）的进、出水金属浓度，以确定去除效率。平均进水浓度范围在 2μg/L（Cd）至 1975μg/L（Fe）之间。在稳定塘中，Cr 的去除效率为 58%，而 Cd、Mn 和 Pb 的去除效率则低于 20%。活性污泥工艺的去除效率很高，从 Ni 的 47%到 Cr 的 95%不等。研究了处理后的废水用于农业的情况，结果表明，除了废水稳定塘出水的 Cr 以外，所有金属浓度均符合应用限制。结果表明，废水稳定塘出水降低了 Cr、Cu、Ni 和 Pb 的受纳水体质量。此外，还表明活性污泥工艺的出水暂时改善了 Cd、Cu、Mn 和 Zn 等参数的受纳水体质量。然而，考虑到这两个过程中金属的周期性变化、水质和农业实践，应持续进行监测。
