Gest Howard
Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Perspect Biol Med. 2009 Summer;52(3):392-9. doi: 10.1353/pbm.0.0096.
Microorganisms were first observed by Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek between 1665 and 1678. In 1665, Hooke published Micrographia, which depicted the details of 60 objects as seen in the microscope. One chapter was devoted to the microfungus Mucor, the first microbe observed by the human eye. Leeuwenhoek, despite having no scientific training, became the first to observe protozoa, red blood cells, the sperm cells of animals, and bacteria, which he described in numerous letters to the Royal Society of London. In 1677, Hooke became Secretary of the Royal Society and, in the same year, confirmed some of Leeuwenhoek's discoveries. The discovery in 2006 of more than 650 pages of Hooke's missing records (the "Hooke Folio") allows us to verify the proceedings of Royal Society meetings and promises to be an important new source of Hooke's views on the renaissance of science in the 17th century.
微生物最早是在1665年至1678年间由罗伯特·胡克和安东尼·范·列文虎克观察到的。1665年，胡克出版了《显微图谱》，其中描绘了显微镜下60个物体的细节。其中一章专门介绍了毛霉，这是人类肉眼观察到的第一种微生物。列文虎克虽然没有接受过科学训练，但他成为了第一个观察到原生动物、红细胞、动物精子细胞和细菌的人，并在写给伦敦皇家学会的众多信件中对它们进行了描述。1677年，胡克成为皇家学会秘书，同年，他证实了列文虎克的一些发现。2006年发现的650多页胡克遗失的记录（“胡克对开本”）使我们能够核实皇家学会会议的议事过程，并有望成为胡克对17世纪科学复兴观点的重要新来源。
