Forrester D M, Kerr R
University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1990 Mar;28(2):423-33.
Minor trauma to the foot may cause stress fracture, avulsion fracture or ligamentous and tendon injury. Plain radiographs are frequently normal. Radionuclide bone scan is a sensitive detector of early bone injury. A stress fracture may develop focal uptake or diffuse uptake throughout the bone involved. MR imaging is the most sensitive means of evaluating injury to the soft tissues. Acute edema, partial tear, complete tear, and chronic tendinitis have distinct features on T1- and T2-weighted images. Major trauma occurs most commonly as a result of falls from heights and from motor-vehicle accidents. Plain films are useful in the initial evaluation of the extent of trauma. CT is particularly useful in evaluating calcaneal fractures that involve the subtalar joint. Both MR imaging and CT scans are useful in detecting injured or entrapped tendons associated with fracture-dislocations.
足部的轻微创伤可能导致应力性骨折、撕脱性骨折或韧带及肌腱损伤。普通X线片通常正常。放射性核素骨扫描是早期骨损伤的敏感检测方法。应力性骨折可能在受累骨骼上出现局灶性摄取或弥漫性摄取。磁共振成像（MR成像）是评估软组织损伤最敏感的方法。急性水肿、部分撕裂、完全撕裂和慢性肌腱炎在T1加权和T2加权图像上有明显特征。严重创伤最常见的原因是高处坠落和机动车事故。平片在初步评估创伤程度时很有用。CT在评估累及距下关节的跟骨骨折时特别有用。MR成像和CT扫描在检测与骨折脱位相关的损伤或嵌顿肌腱方面都很有用。
