Follett Peter A, Wright Mark G, Golden Mary
USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2009 Aug;38(4):1168-73. doi: 10.1603/022.038.0425.
Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious pest of macadamia nuts, Macadamia integrifolia, in Hawaii. Using ruthenium red dye to stain stink bug feeding probes, feeding activity was determined for nuts of various maturity levels harvested from the tree and off the ground throughout the growing season in five commercial cultivars. Damage occurred in the tree and on the ground during all nut growth stages. Damage on the ground was often higher than in the tree. Cultivar 246 was more susceptible to attack than cultivars 333 and 800. It was previously thought that cultivar susceptibility was related to husk and shell thickness, but cultivar 246 showed higher damage than other cultivars even during early nut development when the nuts are small and before the shell has formed. This suggests that shell and husk thickness may play a secondary role in susceptibility to feeding by N. viridula. Monitoring N. viridula feeding activity during early nut development may help alert growers to potential problems later in the season, but early-season probing activity in immature nuts was not a good predictor of damage levels in mature nuts later in the season in our study.
绿蝽（Nezara viridula L.，半翅目：蝽科）是夏威夷澳洲坚果（Macadamia integrifolia）的一种严重害虫。使用钌红染料对椿象取食探针进行染色，测定了五个商业品种在整个生长季节从树上和地面收获的不同成熟度水平坚果的取食活动。在所有坚果生长阶段，树上和地面均出现了损害。地面上的损害通常高于树上。246品种比333和800品种更容易受到攻击。以前认为品种的易感性与果壳和外壳厚度有关，但即使在坚果还小且外壳尚未形成的早期坚果发育阶段，246品种的损害也比其他品种更高。这表明果壳和外壳厚度在绿蝽取食易感性方面可能起次要作用。在坚果发育早期监测绿蝽的取食活动可能有助于提醒种植者注意该季节后期的潜在问题，但在我们的研究中，未成熟坚果在季节早期的探测活动并不能很好地预测该季节后期成熟坚果的损害水平。
