Ahmetov Ildus I, Rogozkin Viktor A
Med Sport Sci. 2009;54:43-71. doi: 10.1159/000235696. Epub 2009 Aug 17.
Significant data confirming the influence of genes on human physical performance and elite athlete status have been accumulated in recent years. Research of gene variants that may explain differences in physical capabilities and training-induced effects between subjects is widely carried out. In this review, the findings of genetic studies investigating DNA polymorphisms and their association with elite athlete status and training responses are reported. A literature search revealed that at least 36 genetic markers (located within 20 autosomal genes, mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome) are linked to elite athlete status and 39 genetic markers (located within 19 genes and mitochondrial DNA) may explain, in part, an interindividual variability of physical performance characteristics in response to endurance/strength training. Although more replication studies are needed, the preliminary data suggest an opportunity to use some of these genetic markers in an individually tailored prescription of lifestyle/exercise for health and sports performance.
近年来，已有大量数据证实基因对人类身体机能和精英运动员身份的影响。关于可能解释个体间身体能力差异以及训练诱导效应的基因变异的研究广泛开展。在本综述中，报告了调查DNA多态性及其与精英运动员身份和训练反应之间关联的基因研究结果。文献检索显示，至少36个遗传标记（位于20个常染色体基因、线粒体DNA和Y染色体内）与精英运动员身份相关联，39个遗传标记（位于19个基因和线粒体DNA内）可能部分解释了耐力/力量训练后身体机能特征的个体间差异。尽管需要更多的重复研究，但初步数据表明，有机会在针对健康和运动表现的个性化生活方式/运动处方中使用其中一些遗传标记。
