Lappalainen Anu K, Mölsä Sari, Liman Annie, Laitinen-Vapaavuori Outi, Snellman Marjatta
Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2009 Jul-Aug;50(4):364-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01551.x.
We compared computed tomography (CT) and radiographic findings of Belgian shepherds with grade 1 or borderline elbow dysplasia to determine whether the radiopaque area dorsal to the anconeal process and seen in mediolateral 45 degrees flexed radiographs is formed by osteophytes, or whether it is an anatomic variation. Eighteen dogs with screening results 0/1, 1/0, or one or both elbows graded as borderline were studied. The radiographs were evaluated according to International Elbow Working Group guidelines and compared with CT images. A fragmented medial coronoid process was seen in five joints, and remaining 31 joints were considered free of dysplasia based on CT images. In radiographs, height of the radiopaque area on the anconeal process was 0-2.7 mm in dysplastic and 0-3.0 mm in other joints. Sensitivity of this sign as dysplasia indicator was 40% and specificity 29%. All dysplastic joints and three of the other joints had blurring of the cranial edge of the medial coronoid process. Subtrochlear sclerosis was seen in four dysplastic joints and in three other joints. Both changes were significant indicators of dysplasia (P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of these phenomena as dysplasia indicators were 80% and 90%, respectively. We conclude that the radiopaque area on the anconeal process might not always be osteophyte formation in Belgian shepherds and should not be used as the sole criterion for dysplasia. Blurring of the medial coronoid process cranial edge and ulnar trochlear notch sclerosis are reliable signs of elbow dysplasia and may be beneficial in screening protocols.
我们对比了患有1级或临界肘部发育异常的比利时牧羊犬的计算机断层扫描（CT）和X线影像结果，以确定在内外侧45度屈曲位X线片上所见的位于肘突背侧的不透射线区域是由骨赘形成，还是一种解剖变异。对18只筛查结果为0/1、1/0或一个或两个肘部被评为临界的犬只进行了研究。根据国际肘部工作组指南对X线片进行评估，并与CT图像进行比较。在5个关节中发现了内侧冠状突碎片，根据CT图像，其余31个关节被认为没有发育异常。在X线片中，发育异常关节的肘突上不透射线区域的高度为0 - 2.7毫米，其他关节为0 - 3.0毫米。该征象作为发育异常指标的敏感性为40%，特异性为29%。所有发育异常的关节和其他三个关节的内侧冠状突前缘均有模糊。在4个发育异常的关节和其他3个关节中发现了滑车下硬化。这两种变化都是发育异常的重要指标（P < 0.001）。这些现象作为发育异常指标的敏感性和特异性分别为80%和90%。我们得出结论，比利时牧羊犬肘突上的不透射线区域可能并不总是骨赘形成，不应将其用作发育异常的唯一标准。内侧冠状突前缘模糊和尺骨滑车切迹硬化是肘部发育异常的可靠征象，可能有助于筛查方案。
