Department of Psychiatry, Ribicoff Research Facilities, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
Brain Res. 2010 Feb 16;1314:130-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.028. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
The orexins (or hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that have been implicated in a variety of behaviors ranging from feeding to sleep and arousal. Evidence from animal models suggests a role for orexins in reward processing and drug addiction. In this review, we discuss orexin's interaction with the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway and the effects of drugs of abuse on the orexin system. We further review models of drug dependence and addiction and describe behavioral alterations that are seen when the orexin system is manipulated both pharmacologically and genetically. Based on the findings reported in the literature thus far, we posit that orexin functioning contributes to both drug reward and drug-related stress/aversive responsiveness; however, diverse anatomical substrates, and perhaps receptor specificity, contribute differentially to reward and stress components.
食欲素（或下丘脑泌素）是下丘脑神经肽，与从进食到睡眠和觉醒等各种行为有关。动物模型的证据表明，食欲素在奖励处理和药物成瘾中起作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了食欲素与中脑边缘奖赏通路的相互作用，以及滥用药物对食欲素系统的影响。我们进一步回顾了药物依赖和成瘾的模型，并描述了在药理学和遗传学上操纵食欲素系统时观察到的行为改变。基于迄今为止文献中的发现，我们假设食欲素的功能有助于药物奖励和与药物相关的应激/厌恶反应；然而，不同的解剖学基础，也许还有受体特异性，对奖励和应激成分的贡献不同。
