Al-Kuraishy Hayder M, Abdulhadi May H, Hussien Nawar R, Al-Niemi Marwa S, Rasheed Huda A, Al-Gareeb Ali I
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Almustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Brain Circ. 2020 Jun 26;6(2):70-80. doi: 10.4103/bc.bc_42_19. eCollection 2020 Apr-Jun.
Orexin is a neuropeptide secreted from lateral hypothalamus and pre-frontal cortex concerned in the wakefulness and excitement. This study aimed to review the possible neurobiological effect of orexin. A diversity of search strategies was adopted and assumed which included electronic database searches of Medline and PubMed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words during the search. Orexin plays a vital role in activation of learning, memory acquisition, and consolidation through activation of monoaminergic system, which affect cognitive flexibility and cognitive function. Orexin stimulates adrenocorticotropin and corticosteroid secretions via activation of central corticotropin-releasing hormone. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum orexin serum levels are reduced in depression, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. However, high orexin serum levels are revealed in drug addictions. Regarding neurodegenerative brain diseases, CSF and serum orexin serum levels are reduced Parkinson disease, Alzheimer dementia, Huntington's disease, amyotrphic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Orexin antagonist leads to significant reduction of sympathetic over-activity during withdrawal syndrome. As well, orexin antagonist improves sleep pattern. Orexinergic system is involved in the different psychiatric and neurological disorders; therefore, targeting of this system could be possible novel pathway in the management of these disorders. In addition, measurement of CSF and serum orexin levels might predict the relapse and withdrawal of addict patients.
食欲素是一种由下丘脑外侧和前额叶皮质分泌的神经肽，与清醒和兴奋有关。本研究旨在综述食欲素可能的神经生物学作用。采用了多种检索策略，包括在检索过程中使用医学主题词、关键词和标题词对Medline和PubMed进行电子数据库检索。食欲素通过激活单胺能系统在学习、记忆获取和巩固的激活中发挥重要作用，这会影响认知灵活性和认知功能。食欲素通过激活中枢促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素来刺激促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质类固醇的分泌。在抑郁症、精神分裂症和发作性睡病中，脑脊液（CSF）和血清食欲素水平会降低。然而，在药物成瘾中会发现血清食欲素水平升高。关于神经退行性脑疾病，在帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病痴呆、亨廷顿舞蹈症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症中，脑脊液和血清食欲素水平会降低。食欲素拮抗剂可导致戒断综合征期间交感神经过度活动显著降低。此外，食欲素拮抗剂可改善睡眠模式。食欲素能系统参与了不同的精神和神经疾病；因此，针对该系统可能是治疗这些疾病的新途径。此外，测量脑脊液和血清食欲素水平可能预测成瘾患者的复发和戒断情况。
