O'Malley Patrick M, Johnston Lloyd D, Delva Jorge, Terry-McElrath Yvonne M
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2009 Sep;45(3 Suppl):S71-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.04.008. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
To explore whether characteristics of the U.S. secondary school physical activity environment are associated with student body mass index (BMI) and physical activity.
This report uses data from two studies: Monitoring the Future (MTF; an annual nationally representative survey of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade public and private school students) and Youth, Education, and Society (a survey of administrators in schools that have completed their 2-year participation in the MTF study). School policies and programs related to various health issues, including physical education (PE) and sports activity, were examined for relationships with student self-reported height, weight, being active in sports, exercising vigorously, and participating in school athletics.
The results show that in 2004-2007, the percentage of students who attended schools that required PE in their grade differed sharply by grade level: 88% of 8th graders, 48% of 10th graders, and 20% of 12th graders. There were few statistically significant associations between school PE requirements and student BMI. The average percentage of students who participated in interscholastic or varsity sports was associated at the bivariate level with a lower percentage of students being overweight in all three grades. Other measures of PE and sports activity showed varying associations with BMI and physical activity measures.
Relationships between the school physical activity environment and student BMI and physical activity were not uniformly strong. We conclude that, as currently practiced in schools, existing variations in physical activity policies may not be sufficient to produce discernible school-wide differences; thus, there is a need for more vigorous PE programming than is typically provided.
探讨美国中学体育活动环境的特征是否与学生体重指数（BMI）及体育活动相关。
本报告使用了两项研究的数据：“未来监测”（MTF；一项对八年级、十年级和十二年级公立及私立学校学生进行的年度全国代表性调查）和“青年、教育与社会”（一项对已完成为期两年的MTF研究参与的学校管理人员进行的调查）。研究了与包括体育教育（PE）和体育活动在内的各种健康问题相关的学校政策和项目，以考察其与学生自我报告的身高、体重、参加体育活动、剧烈运动以及参与学校体育赛事之间的关系。
结果显示，在2004 - 2007年期间，所在年级要求开设体育课的学生比例因年级不同而有显著差异：八年级学生为88%，十年级学生为48%，十二年级学生为20%。学校体育要求与学生BMI之间几乎没有统计学上的显著关联。在双变量层面，参加校际或大学体育代表队运动的学生平均比例与所有三个年级中超重学生比例较低相关。其他体育教育和体育活动指标与BMI及体育活动指标显示出不同的关联。
学校体育活动环境与学生BMI及体育活动之间的关系并非始终紧密。我们得出结论，就目前学校的实际情况而言，体育活动政策现有的差异可能不足以在全校范围内产生明显差异；因此，需要比通常提供的更有力的体育课程安排。
