Glantz M, Månsson H Lindmark, Stålhammar H, Bårström L-O, Fröjelin M, Knutsson A, Teluk C, Paulsson M
Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
J Dairy Sci. 2009 Sep;92(9):4589-603. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1506.
One goal of animal breeding is to increase the economic output through increased production, improved milk quality, and cow health. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic progress in relation to milk composition, processability, and yield as a correlated response to selection for the Swedish breeding objective. Dairy cows with high genetic merit, classified as elite dairy cows, of the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were used. Milk samples were collected on the farm level in winter and summer from a research herd at Nötcenter Viken, a bovine research farm in Sweden. Comparisons were made with milk from a Swedish Red herd, a Swedish Holstein herd, and a Swedish dairy processor in the same geographical area. Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as minerals were analyzed, and technological properties, including rennet-induced gelation characteristics, lipid oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and fat globule size, were determined. Higher yields were found for elite cows for components of the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as for minerals, implying genetic progress in relation to milk yield; however, the content of some milk components (e.g., lipid and whey protein contents) had decreased on average. Milk from the elite cows had good gelation characteristics, but was more susceptible to lipid autooxidation and had a lower total antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate that milk composition and processing characteristics could be used to adjust breeding practices to optimize the quality and stability of milk and dairy products.
动物育种的一个目标是通过提高产量、改善牛奶质量和奶牛健康状况来增加经济产出。本研究的目的是评估与牛奶成分、加工性能和产量相关的遗传进展，作为对瑞典育种目标选择的相关反应。使用了具有高遗传价值的瑞典红牛和瑞典荷斯坦奶牛品种的奶牛，这些奶牛被归类为优质奶牛。在冬季和夏季，从瑞典牛研究农场诺特中心维肯的一个研究牛群中，在农场层面采集牛奶样本。并与同一地理区域的瑞典红牛群、瑞典荷斯坦牛群和一家瑞典乳制品加工厂的牛奶进行了比较。分析了蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物谱以及矿物质，并测定了包括凝乳酶诱导凝胶化特性、脂质氧化、总抗氧化能力和脂肪球大小在内的技术特性。发现优质奶牛在蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物谱的成分以及矿物质方面产量更高，这意味着在牛奶产量方面有遗传进展；然而，一些牛奶成分的含量（如脂质和乳清蛋白含量）平均有所下降。优质奶牛的牛奶具有良好的凝胶化特性，但更容易发生脂质自动氧化，总抗氧化能力较低。这些结果表明，牛奶成分和加工特性可用于调整育种实践，以优化牛奶和乳制品的质量和稳定性。
