De Pauw Aurélia, Tejerina Silvia, Raes Martine, Keijer Jaap, Arnould Thierry
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur, Belgium.
Am J Pathol. 2009 Sep;175(3):927-39. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081155. Epub 2009 Aug 21.
In mammals, adipose tissue, composed of BAT and WAT, collaborates in energy partitioning and performs metabolic regulatory functions. It is the most flexible tissue in the body, because it is remodeled in size and shape by modifications in adipocyte cell size and/or number, depending on developmental status and energy fluxes. Although numerous reviews have focused on the differentiation program of both brown and white adipocytes as well as on the pathophysiological role of white adipose tissues, the importance of mitochondrial activity in the differentiation or the dedifferentiation programs of adipose cells and in systemic metabolic alterations has not been extensively reviewed previously. Here, we address the crucial role of mitochondrial functions during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes and discuss the cellular responses of white adipocytes to mitochondrial activity impairment. In addition, we discuss the increase in scientific knowledge regarding mitochondrial functions in the last 10 years and the recent suspicion of mitochondrial dysfunction in several 21st century epidemics (ie, obesity and diabetes), as well as in lipodystrophy found in HIV-treated patients, which can contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting adipocyte mitochondria.
在哺乳动物中，由棕色脂肪组织（BAT）和白色脂肪组织（WAT）组成的脂肪组织在能量分配中协同作用，并执行代谢调节功能。它是体内最灵活的组织，因为根据发育状态和能量通量，它会通过脂肪细胞大小和/或数量的改变而在大小和形状上进行重塑。尽管众多综述都聚焦于棕色和白色脂肪细胞的分化程序以及白色脂肪组织的病理生理作用，但线粒体活性在脂肪细胞分化或去分化程序以及全身代谢改变中的重要性此前尚未得到广泛综述。在此，我们阐述线粒体功能在脂肪生成过程中以及在成熟脂肪细胞中的关键作用，并讨论白色脂肪细胞对线粒体活性受损的细胞反应。此外，我们还讨论了过去10年中有关线粒体功能的科学知识增长情况，以及近期对21世纪几种流行病（即肥胖症和糖尿病）以及接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV患者中发现的脂肪营养不良中线粒体功能障碍的怀疑，这些都有助于开发针对脂肪细胞线粒体的新治疗策略。
