University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.
Medical Biology Laboratory of the Point G University Hospital Center, Bamako, Mali.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2024 Oct 31;18(10):1461-1473. doi: 10.3855/jidc.18878.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major public health concern despite a significant decline in HIV-related mortality and morbidity. These significant advances are linked mostly to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, these treatments are not without consequences on other microorganisms in our body, especially when they must be used for life. Balanced gut microbiota is essential for maintaining human health through symbiotic relationship with the host cells.
This review focuses on ART and its potential impact on the intestinal microbial population of HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, we retrieved studies focusing on the impact of HIV ART on the gut microbiota, that were published from 2010 to 2021.
It was observed that most studies on HIV ART and associated gut microbiota have been cross-sectional, and the findings, in general, showed significant damages caused by the ART to the gut microbial community (dysbiosis), with the impact varying in different studies. These changes also revealed dysfunction in microbial translocation and some immune markers, including T lymphocyte rates and the overall inflammation balance.
There are significant gaps in our understanding of the impact of HIV ART on gut microbiota. Thus, a longitudinal study is likely needed with a considerable sample size from different settings and classes of ART to better understand the impact of HIV ART on the gut microbiota, and develop remedial (restorative) and adjunctive host-directed strategies during HIV ART.
尽管与 HIV 相关的死亡率和发病率显著下降，但人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染仍然是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。这些重大进展主要与有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 有关。然而，这些治疗方法并非没有对我们体内的其他微生物产生影响，尤其是当它们必须终生使用时。平衡的肠道微生物群对于通过与宿主细胞的共生关系维持人类健康至关重要。
本综述重点关注 ART 及其对 HIV 感染个体肠道微生物群的潜在影响。因此，我们检索了 2010 年至 2021 年期间发表的专注于 HIV ART 对肠道微生物群影响的研究。
观察到，大多数关于 HIV ART 和相关肠道微生物群的研究都是横断面研究，研究结果普遍表明，ART 对肠道微生物群落造成了严重损害（失调），不同研究的影响有所不同。这些变化还揭示了微生物易位和一些免疫标志物（包括 T 淋巴细胞率和整体炎症平衡）的功能障碍。
我们对 HIV ART 对肠道微生物群的影响的理解存在重大差距。因此，可能需要进行一项具有不同设置和 ART 类别、具有相当大样本量的纵向研究，以更好地了解 HIV ART 对肠道微生物群的影响，并在 HIV ART 期间开发补救（修复）和辅助宿主定向策略。
