Ritz K, McNicol J W, Nunan N, Grayston S, Millard P, Atkinson D, Gollotte A, Habeshaw D, Boag B, Clegg C D, Griffiths B S, Wheatley R E, Glover L A, McCaig A E, Prosser J I
Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2004 Aug 1;49(2):191-205. doi: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.03.005.
We characterised the spatial structure of soil microbial communities in an unimproved grazed upland grassland in the Scottish Borders. A range of soil chemical parameters, cultivable microbes, protozoa, nematodes, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, community-level physiological profiles (CLPP), intra-radical arbuscular mycorrhizal community structure, and eubacterial, actinomycete, pseudomonad and ammonia-oxidiser 16S rRNA gene profiles, assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were quantified. The botanical composition of the vegetation associated with each soil sample was also determined. Geostatistical analysis of the data revealed a gamut of spatial dependency with diverse semivariograms being apparent, ranging from pure nugget, linear and non-linear forms. Spatial autocorrelation generally accounted for 40-60% of the total variance of those properties where such autocorrelation was apparent, but accounted for 97% in the case of nitrate-N. Geostatistical ranges extending from approximately 0.6-6 m were detected, dispersed throughout both chemical and biological properties. CLPP data tended to be associated with ranges greater than 4.5 m. There was no relationship between physical distance in the field and genetic similarity based on DGGE profiles. However, analysis of samples taken as close as 1 cm apart within a subset of cores suggested some spatial dependency in community DNA-DGGE parameters below an 8 cm scale. Spatial correlation between the properties was generally weak, with some exceptions such as between microbial biomass C and total N and C. There was evidence for scale-dependence in the relationships between properties. PLFA and CLPP profiling showed some association with vegetation composition, but DGGE profiling did not. There was considerably stronger association between notional sheep urine patches, denoted by soil nutrient status, and many of the properties. These data demonstrate extreme spatial variation in community-level microbiological properties in upland grasslands, and that despite considerable numeric ranges in the majority of properties, overarching controlling factors were not apparent.
我们对苏格兰边境一片未经改良的放牧山地草原土壤微生物群落的空间结构进行了表征。通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）评估了一系列土壤化学参数、可培养微生物、原生动物、线虫、磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）谱、群落水平生理谱（CLPP）、根内丛枝菌根群落结构以及真细菌、放线菌、假单胞菌和氨氧化菌16S rRNA基因谱，并进行了量化。还确定了与每个土壤样本相关的植被植物组成。对数据的地统计分析揭示了一系列空间依赖性，不同的半变异函数很明显，范围从纯块金、线性到非线性形式。空间自相关通常占那些具有明显自相关特性总方差的40 - 60%，但硝酸盐 - N的情况占97%。检测到地统计范围从约0.6 - 6米不等，分布在化学和生物学特性中。CLPP数据往往与大于4.5米的范围相关。基于DGGE谱的田间物理距离与遗传相似性之间没有关系。然而，在一个核心子集内对相距仅1厘米的样本进行分析表明，在8厘米尺度以下，群落DNA - DGGE参数存在一些空间依赖性。这些特性之间的空间相关性通常较弱，微生物生物量C与总N和C之间等一些情况除外。有证据表明这些特性之间的关系存在尺度依赖性。PLFA和CLPP分析显示与植被组成有一定关联，但DGGE分析没有。由土壤养分状况表示的假想绵羊尿斑与许多特性之间的关联要强得多。这些数据表明山地草原群落水平微生物特性存在极端的空间变异，并且尽管大多数特性有相当大的数值范围，但总体控制因素并不明显。
