Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2009 Oct;238(10):2522-9. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22077.
Myosin-X (MyoX) belongs to a large family of unconventional, nonmuscle, actin-dependent motor proteins. We show that MyoX is predominantly expressed in cranial neural crest (CNC) cells in embryos of Xenopus laevis and is required for head and jaw cartilage development. Knockdown of MyoX expression using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in retarded migration of CNC cells into the pharyngeal arches, leading to subsequent hypoplasia of cartilage and inhibited outgrowth of the CNC-derived trigeminal nerve. In vitro migration assays on fibronectin using explanted CNC cells showed significant inhibition of filopodia formation, cell attachment, spreading and migration, accompanied by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. These data support the conclusion that MyoX has an essential function in CNC migration in the vertebrate embryo.
肌球蛋白-X（MyoX）属于一个大型的非传统的、非肌肉的、肌动蛋白依赖性的运动蛋白家族。我们表明，MyoX 在非洲爪蟾胚胎的颅神经嵴（CNC）细胞中主要表达，并且对于头部和颌骨软骨的发育是必需的。使用反义的吗啉代寡核苷酸来敲低 MyoX 的表达，导致 CNC 细胞向咽弓的迁移延迟，从而导致软骨的发育不良和由 CNC 衍生的三叉神经的生长受到抑制。在体外使用纤维连接蛋白进行 CNC 细胞的迁移实验表明，轴突的形成、细胞黏附、铺展和迁移都受到显著抑制，伴随着肌动蛋白细胞骨架的破坏。这些数据支持了这样的结论，即 MyoX 在脊椎动物胚胎中的 CNC 迁移中具有重要的功能。
