Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Perea J M, López-Sobaler A M, Ortega R M
Departamento de Nutrición, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, España.
Nutr Hosp. 2009 Jul-Aug;24(4):415-21.
With obesity the amount of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines released is increased within the fat tissue. These molecules are implicated in many clinical manifestations of this pathology such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. At the first stage, the fat tissue of the obese patient becomes resistant to the action of insulin due to the effect of some of these adipokines such as tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukine-6 (IL-6). At a second stage, this resistance occurs at other tissues and glucose and insulin levels are increased. This increase, together with high adipokines levels that occur in diabetes, lead to the occurrence of different adverse events, such as the following: increase in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increase in blood pressure, and impairments in lipoprotein metabolism, all of which are harmful for health. Practising physical activity and following a balanced diet, similar to the Mediterranean pattern with low fat and salt consumption, would be helpful for improving insulin resistance and adipokines levels in obese people, thus helping improving their health status in the long run.
肥胖时，脂肪组织中释放的促炎和抗炎脂肪因子数量会增加。这些分子与该病理状态的许多临床表现相关，如糖尿病、动脉高血压或心血管疾病。在第一阶段，肥胖患者的脂肪组织由于某些脂肪因子（如肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）或白细胞介素-6（IL-6））的作用而对胰岛素作用产生抵抗。在第二阶段，这种抵抗发生在其他组织，血糖和胰岛素水平升高。这种升高与糖尿病中出现的高脂肪因子水平一起，导致不同不良事件的发生，如下：氧化应激增加、内皮功能障碍、血压升高以及脂蛋白代谢受损，所有这些都对健康有害。进行体育活动并遵循均衡饮食，类似于低脂肪和低盐摄入的地中海模式，将有助于改善肥胖人群的胰岛素抵抗和脂肪因子水平，从而从长远来看有助于改善他们的健康状况。
