WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention and Related Research and Training, Public Health Research, Evaluation and Policy Cluster, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 Mar;13(3):438-50. doi: 10.1017/S136898000999111X. Epub 2009 Sep 2.
To determine whether interventions tailored specifically to particular immigrant groups from developing to developed countries decrease the risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Databases searched were MEDLINE (1966-September 2008), CINAHL (1982-September 2008) and PsychINFO (1960-September 2008), as well as Sociological Abstracts, PsychARTICLES, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were randomised control trials, 'quasi-randomised' trials or controlled before-and-after studies. Due to the heterogeneity of study characteristics only a narrative synthesis was undertaken, describing the target population, type and reported impact of the intervention and the effect size.
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten out of thirteen (77 %) studies focused on diabetes, seven (70 %) of which showed significant improvement in addressing diabetes-related behaviours and glycaemic control. The effect on diabetes was greater in culturally tailored and facilitated interventions that encompassed multiple strategies. Six out of the thirteen studies (46 %) incorporated anthropometric data, physical activity and healthy eating as ways to minimise weight gain and diabetes-related outcomes. Of the six interventions that included anthropometric data, only two (33 %) reported improvement in BMI Z-scores, total skinfold thickness or proportion of body fat. Only one in three (33 %) of the studies that included cardiovascular risk factors reported improvement in diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for baseline characteristics. All studies, except four, were of poor quality (small sample size, poor internal consistency of scale, not controlling for baseline characteristics).
Due to the small number of studies included in the present review, the findings that culturally tailored and facilitated interventions produce better outcomes than generalised interventions, and that intervention content is more important than the duration or venue, require further investigation.
确定专门针对来自发展中国家到发达国家的特定移民群体的干预措施是否能降低肥胖和肥胖相关疾病的风险。
检索的数据库包括 MEDLINE（1966 年-2008 年 9 月）、CINAHL（1982 年-2008 年 9 月）和 PsychINFO（1960 年-2008 年 9 月），以及 Sociological Abstracts、PsychARTICLES、Science Direct、Web of Knowledge 和 Google Scholar。纳入的研究为随机对照试验、“准随机”试验或对照前后研究。由于研究特征的异质性，仅进行了叙述性综合，描述了目标人群、干预类型和报告的影响以及效果大小。
符合纳入标准的研究有 13 项。13 项研究中有 10 项（77%）专注于糖尿病，其中 7 项（70%）显示出在改善与糖尿病相关的行为和血糖控制方面有显著效果。在包含多种策略的文化定制和促进干预中，对糖尿病的影响更大。13 项研究中有 6 项（46%）纳入了人体测量数据、身体活动和健康饮食，以尽量减少体重增加和糖尿病相关结果。在包含人体测量数据的 6 项干预措施中，只有 2 项（33%）报告了 BMI Z 分数、总皮褶厚度或体脂肪比例的改善。在纳入心血管危险因素的 3 项研究中，只有 1 项（33%）报告在调整基线特征后舒张压有所改善。除了 4 项研究外，其余研究的质量都很差（样本量小、量表内部一致性差、未控制基线特征）。
由于本次综述纳入的研究数量较少，因此需要进一步研究证明文化定制和促进干预措施比一般化干预措施产生更好的结果，以及干预内容比干预时间或场所更重要。
