Gutmann James L
Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Dallas, USA.
J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 Sep;140 Suppl 1:8S-15S. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0354.
During the last 150 years, dentistry in the United States faced many challenges as it developed its scientific foundation. In the latter part of the 19th century, clinical practice was driven by empirical evidence, and the first few decades of the 20th century set the stage for America's scientific evolution of dentistry.
Seminal developments in America's contribution to science in dentistry and oral health included the 1926 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching report and the vision of William J. Gies; the development of scientific dental journals; the role of immigrant dental scientists from Europe and oral biology as a discipline; and the establishment of the National Institute of Dental Research in 1948.
Due in large part to America's contribution to dental science and practice, we are at the brink of a transformation that may expand the role of the dental profession dramatically and improve the oral health of people throughout the world.
在过去的150年里，美国牙科在建立其科学基础的过程中面临了诸多挑战。在19世纪后期，临床实践由经验证据驱动，而20世纪的头几十年为美国牙科的科学发展奠定了基础。
美国在牙科和口腔健康科学领域的开创性发展包括1926年卡内基教学促进基金会的报告以及威廉·J·吉斯的愿景；科学牙科期刊的发展；来自欧洲的移民牙科科学家的作用以及口腔生物学作为一门学科的发展；以及1948年国家牙科研究所的成立。
很大程度上由于美国对牙科科学和实践的贡献，我们正处于一场变革的边缘，这场变革可能会极大地扩大牙科专业的作用，并改善全世界人民的口腔健康。
