Jelenkovic Aline, Poveda Alaitz, Susanne Charles, Rebato Esther
Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao 48080, Spain.
Hum Biol. 2008 Dec;80(6):637-54. doi: 10.3378/1534-6617-80.6.637.
In this study we estimate relative genetic and environmental influences on head-related anthropometric phenotypes. The subject group consisted of 119 nuclear families living in Brussels, Belgium, and included 238 males and 236 females, ages 17 to 72 years. Two factor analyses with varimax rotation (the first one related to facial measurements and the second one to overall head morphology) were used to analyze 14 craniofacial size traits. The resulting four synthetic traits [HFCF, VFCF, HDF1, and HDF2-horizontal (breadth) and vertical (height) facial factors and two head horizontal (breadth) factors, respectively] were used as summary variables. Maximum heritabilities (H2) were estimated for all studied traits, and variance components analysis was applied to determine the contribution of genetics and environment on the four craniofacial factors. In addition, we examined the covariations between the face (HFCF and VFCF) and head-related factors (HDF1 and HDF2), separately. Quantitative genetic analysis showed that HFCF, VFCF, HDF1, and HDF2 variation was appreciably attributable to additive genetic effects, with heritability (h2) estimates of 67.62%, 54.97%, 70.76%, and 65.05%, respectively. The three variance components reflecting a shared familial environment were nonsignificant for these four phenotypes. Bivariate analysis revealed significant additive and residual correlations for both pair of traits. The results confirm the existence of a significant genetic component determining the four craniofacial synthetic traits, and common genetic and environmental effects shared by the two face-related phenotypes and by the head-related ones.
在本研究中，我们估计了头部相关人体测量学表型的相对遗传和环境影响。研究对象组由居住在比利时布鲁塞尔的119个核心家庭组成，包括238名男性和236名女性，年龄在17至72岁之间。使用两次具有方差最大化旋转的因子分析（第一次与面部测量相关，第二次与整体头部形态相关）来分析14个颅面尺寸特征。由此产生的四个综合特征[HFCF、VFCF、HDF1和HDF2——分别为水平（宽度）和垂直（高度）面部因子以及两个头部水平（宽度）因子]用作汇总变量。估计了所有研究特征的最大遗传力（H2），并应用方差成分分析来确定遗传和环境对四个颅面因子的贡献。此外，我们分别研究了面部（HFCF和VFCF）与头部相关因子（HDF1和HDF2）之间的协变关系。数量遗传学分析表明，HFCF、VFCF、HDF1和HDF2的变异明显归因于加性遗传效应，遗传力（h2）估计值分别为67.62%、54.97%、70.76%和65.05%。反映共享家庭环境的三个方差成分对这四种表型均无显著影响。双变量分析显示，两对性状之间存在显著的加性和残差相关性。结果证实，存在一个决定四个颅面综合特征的显著遗传成分，以及两种面部相关表型和头部相关表型所共有的遗传和环境效应。
