King Ericka F, Blumin Joel H
Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Division of Laryngology and Professional Voice, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Dec;17(6):483-7. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e328331b77e.
Vocal fold paralysis (VFP) is an increasingly commonly identified problem in the pediatric patient. Diagnostic and management techniques honed in adult laryngologic practice have been successfully applied to children.
Iatrogenic causes, including cardiothoracic procedures, remain a common cause of unilateral VFP. Neurologic disorders predominate in the cause of bilateral VFP. Diagnosis with electromyography is currently being evaluated in children. Treatment of VFP is centered around symptomology, which is commonly divided between voice and airway concerns. Speech therapy shows promise in older children. Surgical management for unilateral VFP with injection laryngoplasty is commonly performed and well tolerated. Laryngeal reinnervation is currently being applied to the pediatric population as a permanent treatment and offers several advantages over laryngeal framework procedures. For bilateral VFP, tracheotomy is still commonly performed. Glottic dilation procedures are performed both openly and endoscopically with a high degree of success.
VFP is a well recognized problem in pediatric patients with disordered voice and breathing. Some patients will spontaneously recover their laryngeal function. For those who do not, a variety of reliable techniques are available for rehabilitative treatment.
声带麻痹（VFP）在儿科患者中是一个越来越常见的问题。在成人喉科实践中完善的诊断和管理技术已成功应用于儿童。
医源性原因，包括心胸手术，仍然是单侧VFP的常见原因。神经系统疾病在双侧VFP的病因中占主导地位。目前正在评估儿童中肌电图诊断方法。VFP的治疗以症状学为中心，症状通常分为嗓音和气道问题。言语治疗对大龄儿童有前景。单侧VFP的注射喉成形术手术管理常见且耐受性良好。喉再支配目前作为一种永久性治疗方法应用于儿科人群，并且与喉框架手术相比有几个优点。对于双侧VFP，气管切开术仍然常见。声门扩张手术通过开放和内镜方式进行，成功率很高。
VFP是儿科患者中嗓音和呼吸紊乱的一个公认问题。一些患者会自发恢复喉功能。对于那些没有恢复的患者，有多种可靠的技术可用于康复治疗。
