Keyte Ian, Wild Edward, Dent John, Jones Kevin C
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Aug 1;43(15):5755-61. doi: 10.1021/es900305c.
Mosses have the potential to play a significant role in the global cycling and fate of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), due to their extensive distribution at high latitudes and the long-range atmospheric transport of SVOCs. Unlike vascular plants mosses lack a substantial cuticle, vascular system, or root structure, taking up water, nutrients and SVOCs primarily from the atmosphere. Mosses have thus been effectively used as passive air samplers for many SVOCs in urban and rural locations. The potential differences in atmospheric uptake and within-leaf movement storage and processing of SVOCs between vascular and nonvascular living plants were investigated here by comparing the uptake and behavior of phenanthrene in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and moss (Hypnum cupressiforme), using two-photon excitation microscopy coupled with autofluorescence. Chemical uptake, movement storage, and compartmentalization of phenanthrene was directly detected, visualized, and monitored over a 12 day period following exposure to gas phase phenanthrene. Species differences in the uptake of phenanthrene between moss and spinach leaves were observed, showing how morphological differences affect the foliar uptake of SVOCs. In spinach, phenanthrene accumulated within the cellular cytoplasm and vacuole. In moss, phenanthrene accumulated predominantly within the cell walls, before later migrating across the cell membrane into adjacent cells and the cellular cytoplasm. The study represents a further demonstration of how different plant species can display different and complex transport and storage pathways for the same chemical, and highlights the importance of the cellular structure and plant morphological and physiological features in controlling this behavior.
由于苔藓在高纬度地区广泛分布以及半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）的远距离大气传输，它们在全球SVOCs的循环和归宿中可能发挥重要作用。与维管植物不同，苔藓没有大量的角质层、维管系统或根系结构，主要从大气中吸收水分、养分和SVOCs。因此，苔藓已被有效地用作城市和农村地区许多SVOCs的被动空气采样器。本文通过使用双光子激发显微镜结合自发荧光，比较菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）和苔藓（Hypnum cupressiforme）中菲的吸收和行为，研究了维管植物和非维管植物在大气吸收以及叶片内SVOCs的移动、储存和处理方面的潜在差异。在暴露于气相菲后的12天内，直接检测、可视化并监测了菲的化学吸收、移动、储存和区室化。观察到苔藓和菠菜叶片在菲吸收方面的物种差异，表明形态差异如何影响SVOCs的叶面吸收。在菠菜中，菲积累在细胞质和液泡内。在苔藓中，菲主要积累在细胞壁内，随后穿过细胞膜迁移到相邻细胞和细胞质中。该研究进一步证明了不同植物物种对同一化学物质可以表现出不同且复杂的运输和储存途径，并强调了细胞结构以及植物形态和生理特征在控制这种行为中的重要性。
