Simó Magdolna
Semmelweis Egyetem, Neurológiai Klinika, Budapest.
Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2009 Mar;11(1):23-6.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most frequent neuroimmunological disorders of the central nervous system. It is a multifactorial disease with possible causes including genetic and environmental factors. MS is characterized in essence by an autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system, resulting in the damage of the myelin sheath and the axons. There are four pathological subtypes of the disease. Its clinical course can either be of the relapsing-remitting or primary and secondary progressive type. All structures of the central nervous system may be involved, but the longest tracts are affected the most often. According to the revised McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of MS is based on the clinical course and the MRI findings. Its therapy can be divided into the acute treatment of relapses, symptomatic relief and long-term immunomodulatory treatment. With respect to differential diagnosis, it is of special concern to distinguish between MS and neuromyelitis optica, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the latter may prevent the development of severe residual symptoms associated with this disease.
多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统最常见的神经免疫性疾病之一。它是一种多因素疾病，可能的病因包括遗传和环境因素。MS的本质特征是中枢神经系统的自身免疫性炎症，导致髓鞘和轴突受损。该疾病有四种病理亚型。其临床病程可以是复发缓解型或原发及继发进展型。中枢神经系统的所有结构都可能受累，但最长的神经束最常受到影响。根据修订的麦克唐纳标准，MS的诊断基于临床病程和MRI表现。其治疗可分为复发的急性治疗、症状缓解和长期免疫调节治疗。在鉴别诊断方面，特别需要关注区分MS和视神经脊髓炎，因为后者的早期诊断和适当治疗可能预防与此疾病相关的严重残留症状的发展。
